Collaborative Research: South Pole Ice Core Chronology and Climate Records using Chemical and Microparticle Measurements

合作研究：使用化学和微粒测量的南极冰芯年代学和气候记录

• 批准号: 1443336
• 负责人: Erich Osterberg
• 金额: $ 44.06万
• 依托单位: Dartmouth College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-06-01 至 2019-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1443336&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; South; Pole; Ice

This collaborative project explores the signatures and causes of natural climate change in the region surrounding Antarctica over the last 40,000 years as the Earth transitioned from an ice age into the modern warm period. The researchers will investigate how the wind belts that surround Antarctica changed in their strength and position through time, and document explosive volcanic eruptions and CO2 cycling in the Southern Ocean as potential climate forcing mechanisms over this interval. Understanding how and why the climate varied naturally in the past is critical for improving understanding of modern climate change and projections of future climate under higher levels of atmospheric CO2. The investigators plan to conduct a suite of chemical measurements along the 1500m length of the South Pole Ice Core, including major ion and trace element concentrations, and microparticle (dust) concentrations and size distributions. These measurements will (1) extend the South Pole record of explosive volcanic eruptions to 40,000 years using sulfate and particle data; (2) establish the relative timing of climate changes in dust source regions of Patagonia, New Zealand, and Australia using dust flux data; (3) investigate changes in the strength and position of the westerly wind belt using dust size distribution data; and (4) quantify the flux of bioavailable trace metals deposited as dust to the Southern Ocean over time. These chemistry records will also be critical for creating the timescale that will be used by all researchers studying records from the South Pole core. The project will support four graduate students and several undergraduate students across three different institutions, and become a focus of the investigators' efforts to disseminate outcomes of climate change science to the broader community.

该协作项目探讨了过去40，000年的南极地区自然气候变化的签名和原因，因为地球从冰河时代转变为现代温暖时期。研究人员将调查围绕南极的风带随着时间的推移的强度和位置的变化，并记录南海的爆炸性火山喷发和二氧化碳循环，这是在此间隔内的潜在气候强迫机制。了解过去气候在过去自然变化，对于改善对现代气候变化的理解以及在较高的大气二氧化碳中的未来气候的预测至关重要。研究人员计划沿着南极冰芯的1500m长度进行一套化学测量，包括主要离子和微量元素浓度，以及微粒（灰尘）浓度和尺寸分布。这些测量值（1）使用硫酸盐和颗粒数据将爆炸性火山喷发的南极记录扩展到40，000年； （2）使用尘埃通量数据确定巴塔哥尼亚，新西兰和澳大利亚尘埃源区域气候变化的相对时机； （3）使用灰尘尺寸的分布数据研究西风带的强度和位置的变化； （4）随着时间的流逝，量化将其作为灰尘沉积在南大洋中的可生物利用痕量金属的通量。 这些化学记录对于创建所有研究人员都将使用南极核心记录使用的时间表也至关重要。该项目将支持四个不同机构的四名研究生和几名本科生，并成为调查人员为将气候变化科学结果传播给更广泛社区的努力的重点。