Collaborative Research: Impacts of Energy Extraction and Coal-Fired Power Plants on Disinfection By-Product Formation in Water

合作研究：能源提取和燃煤发电厂对水中消毒副产品形成的影响

• 批准号: 1438625
• 负责人: Susan Richardson
• 金额: $ 27万
• 依托单位: University of South Carolina at Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-02-01 至 2019-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1438625&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Impacts; Energy; Extraction

1438625Richardson, Susan D.1438326VanBriesen, JeanneCollaborative Research: Impacts of Energy Extraction and Coal-Fired Power Plants on Disinfection By-product Formation in WaterIncreased energy extraction activities, including shale gas extraction and conventional oil and gas extraction, are resulting in high releases of bromide (and potentially iodide) to U.S. surface waters. New pollution controls being installed at coal-fired power plants are also resulting in high releases of bromide ion. These activities are presenting new issues for human and ecological health because when these high-bromide/iodide waters are chlorinated (a disinfection processes used in water treatment), they can result in the formation of highly toxic disinfection by-products, several of which may have adverse human health effects. The proposed interdisciplinary research would comprehensively characterize and quantify brominated and iodinated disinfection by-products formed in source waters impacted by energy extraction and coal-fired power plant releases, determine potential human and ecological health risks, and use modeling to establish and quantify the linkage between impacted source waters and human exposures, and estimate maximum loadings of bromide and iodide that will minimize human risks. While it is known that high levels of bromide and iodide can contribute to the formation of brominated and iodinated DBPs in chlorinated drinking water, even "conventional" disinfection by-products formed by reaction of chlorine with bromide, iodide, and natural organic matter (NOM) are not fully characterized, such that 50 % of the halogenated disinfection by-products remains unknown. This situation is even more complex when considering the possibility of additional chemicals used in energy extraction/utilization processes that are often unknown (particularly for hydraulic fracturing). No longer are the disinfection by-product precursors only from natural organic matter, and low levels of contaminants in domestic wastewater, but there are now additional precursors from these new energy extraction/utilization releases, which are largely uncharacterized. This is already resulting in significantly different exposures to both humans and aquatic organisms. Understanding the formation of these brominated and iodinated disinfection by-products and their potential human and ecological risks could ultimately inform decisions regarding control of bromide and iodide releases and what levels would be deemed safe.

1438625Richardson，Susan D.1438326Vanbriesen，JeanneCollaborative Research：能源提取和燃煤发电厂对消毒的能源提取活动中的消毒副产品形成的影响，包括页岩气提取活动，包括高表面材料的高度繁殖，以及潜在的潮汐层（以及潜在的潮汐）（以及潜在的）（以及潜在的）。在燃煤电厂安装的新污染控制也导致了溴化离子的高释放。这些活动为人类和生态健康提供了新问题，因为当这些高溴/碘化物水是氯化的（水处理中使用的消毒过程）时，它们可能会导致形成剧毒的消毒副产物，其中一些可能具有不良人类健康的影响。拟议的跨学科研究将全面地表征和量化受到能源提取和燃煤电厂发行的影响，确定潜在的人类和生态健康风险的来源水域中形成的溴化和碘消毒副产品，并确定潜在的人类和生态健康风险，以建立和量化受影响的源水域和人类风险之间的链接，并量化了最大程度的危险，并量化了Mantimate and Higrimate of Bromide and Imimide和Inim od od od od od od od od od od od yod。众所周知，高水平的溴化物和碘化物可能有助于在氯化饮用水中形成溴化和碘化的DBP，甚至是由氯，溴化物，碘化物和碘化物和自然有机物（NOM）反应形成的“常规”消毒副产物，也没有完全表征，这些副产品尚未完全表征，这些副产品尚未完全表征。考虑到在能量提取/利用过程中使用的其他化学物质的可能性（尤其是用于液压压裂）时，这种情况更加复杂。不再仅来自自然有机物的消毒副产物前体，而家庭废水中的污染物含量较低，但是现在这些新的能量提取/利用释放中有其他前体，这些释放在很大程度上没有表现。这已经导致对人类和水生生物的暴露量显着不同。了解这些溴化和碘化的消毒副产品的形成及其潜在的人类和生态风险最终可能会为控制溴和碘化物释放的控制以及认为安全的哪些水平为安全。