Collaborative Research: Resolving the processes controlling the distribution of the biogenic trace gas dimethylsulfide and related compounds in the Subarctic NE Pacific

合作研究：解决亚北极东北太平洋生物微量气体二甲硫醚及相关化合物分布的控制过程

• 批准号: 1436576
• 负责人: Jeffrey Krause
• 金额: $ 47.3万
• 依托单位: University of South Alabama
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-02-01 至 2021-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1436576&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Resolving; processes; controlling

Researchers from the University of South Alabama and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution will use a new method to quantify the cycling of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and its related compounds in the Subarctic Northeast Pacific Ocean. DMS is a sulfur-containing gas that is abundant in the world's oceans. Oceanic DMS emissions are the largest source of biologically-produced sulfur to the atmosphere, with important implications for atmospheric chemistry and the world's climate. Research over the last two decades has revealed that a complex web of processes is involved in the cycling of DMS in the ocean. However, many of these processes remain poorly understood. Results from this research will provide key information to a broad range of disciplines from microbiology to Earth-system science, and further develop methods and technologies useful to the broader research community. The study will also provide educational opportunities for graduate, undergraduate, K-12 students, and high school teachers. In addition, results from the study will be communicated to the general public through podcasts. Dimethylsulfide (DMS), dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) play critical roles in marine microbial ecology as metabolic substrates and as essential components of the oceanic sulfur cycle. Moreover, oceanic DMS emissions are geochemically important as the largest source of biogenic sulfur to the atmosphere and have been implicated as a contributing factor for the atmospheric radiative balance, with important climate implications. The researchers will study the dynamics of the biogenic trace gas DMS, and the related compounds DMSP and DMSO in the Subarctic Northeastern Pacific, a high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (HNLC) region with exceptionally high DMS concentrations. They will use a novel isotope tracer method to quantify the in-situ turnover rates of these compounds in different surface water masses across frontal boundaries with contrasting DMS/phosphorus/oxygen and nutrient concentrations, and in Lagrangian experiments to investigate temporal evolution of cycling rates. Using newly-developed methods for automated underway sampling, researchers will map the surface distributions of DMS, DMSP and DMSO at unprecedented spatial resolution. Results from this study will improve our understanding of the spatial variability in oceanic DMS, DMSP, and DMSO concentrations in surface waters by accurately measuring the cycling rates of these compounds.

南阿拉巴马大学和伍兹洞海洋学机构的研究人员将使用一种新方法来量化亚亚亚果二甲基硫化物（DMS）及其相关化合物的循环。 DMS是一种在世界海洋中丰富的含硫气体。海洋DMS排放是对大气生物产生的硫的最大来源，对大气化学和世界的气候具有重要意义。 在过去的二十年中，研究表明，在海洋中DMS循环涉及复杂的过程网络。但是，许多这些过程仍然对此知之甚少。这项研究的结果将为从微生物学到地球系统科学的广泛学科提供关键信息，并进一步开发对更广泛的研究社区有用的方法和技术。该研究还将为研究生，本科，K-12学生和高中老师提供教育机会。 此外，该研究的结果将通过播客传达给公众。二甲基硫化物（DMS），二甲基亚磺诺二酸（DMSP）和二甲基硫氧化物（DMSO）在海洋微生物生态学中作为代谢底物和海洋硫循环的必要成分起着关键作用。此外，海洋DMS的排放在地球化学上是对大气的最大生物硫​​来源，并已被视为具有重要气候意义的大气辐射平衡的促成因素。研究人员将研究生物痕量气体DMS的动力学，以及相关化合物DMSP和DMSO在北极亚太平洋北部太平洋（一种高氮，低氯粘菌（HNLC）区域具有异常高的DMS浓度。他们将使用一种新型的同位素示踪剂方法来量化这些化合物在跨边界的不同地表水质量中的原位周转率，并与DMS/磷/氧和营养浓度对比，以及在Lagrangian实验中，以研究循环速率的时间进化。研究人员使用新开发的方法进行自动采样，将在空前的空间分辨率下绘制DMS，DMSP和DMSO的表面分布。这项研究的结果将通过准确测量这些化合物的循环速率来提高我们对海洋DMS，DMSP和DMSO浓度的空间变异性的理解。