Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Reconstructing Prey Mobility Through Trace Element Analysis

博士论文改进补助金：通过微量元素分析重建猎物的流动性

• 批准号: 1419245
• 负责人: Leland Bement
• 金额: $ 1.49万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-04-01 至 2016-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1419245&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Reconstructing

For over two million years humans and their immediate ancestors lived as hunters and gatherers and basic elements characteristic of all human societies developed in this context. Understanding subsistence practices and the social organizations they fostered provides a valuable backdrop against which present day social practices may fruitfully be viewed. Under the guidance of Dr. Leland Bement from the University of Oklahoma Ph.D Candidate Kristen Carlson will analyze the extent to which Paleoindian bison hunters focused on migratory herds as opposed to resident herds in large-scale bison hunting in North America. The Paleoindian time period of interest ranges from 10,800 to 9,000 years before present. Large-scale kill events conducted by hunters without the aid of horses or guns began during this time and continued until European colonization of North America. Large-scale bison kills enabled the procurement of multiple animals (at times over 30 individuals) in a single event. Large-scale bison hunting was an effective means of procuring resources for thousands of years and much remains to be discovered concerning the early methods of hunting large numbers of bison. This research focuses on the relationship between the hunters and their prey. The evidence required for the successful completion of this project will be obtained through new techniques in trace element analysis of bison teeth from three northern Plains bison kill sites and three southern Plains site. The objective of this study is to test the 3rd molar or 4th premolar of bison found in kill sites in order to determine the range territory of the bison hunted. LA-ICP-MS is a high precision microscopic sampling technique that allows minimally destructive sampling at the microscopic level. Through this sampling an elemental signature is obtained informing specific time intervals in the animals life and representing the various places on the landscape visited by the bison. This cutting edge technique will provide information on bison migration patterns from 10,000 years ago. These data can then be integrated with what is known of archaeological sites to better understand the methods used by Paleoindian hunters and how they interacted with their social organization. The examination of migration and movement patterns of prey species can further inform our understanding of prehistoric ways of life. Trace element analysis is used in biological settings as well, providing an opportunity for collaborative work between archaeologists and biologists. This project will also lead to the dissemination of information through scholarly works. In addition to the dissertation that will be completed with this data, refereed articles, and conference presentations will result. All findings will be published and made publically available. In addition to academic presentations, the University of Oklahoma promotes the education of the community through outreach programs.

超过200万年，人类及其祖先一直以猎人和收集者以及在这种情况下发展的所有人类社会的基本要素生活。了解生存实践及其培育的社会组织提供了一种宝贵的背景，以此可以凭借其有效的社会实践。在俄克拉荷马大学博士学位候选人克里斯汀·卡尔森（Kristen Carlson）的Leland Bement博士的指导下，将分析古印度野牛猎人专注于迁徙牛群的程度，而不是在北美大型野牛狩猎中的居民群。现在的古印度兴趣时期在目前的10,800至9，000年之间。 在这段时间内，猎人在没有马匹或枪支的情况下进行的大规模杀人事件一直持续到北美的欧洲殖民。大规模野牛杀死了一个事件，这使多种动物（有时超过30个人）可以采购。大规模野牛狩猎是一种有效的手段，可以在数千年的时间购买资源，还有很多关于狩猎大量野牛的早期方法的发现。这项研究的重点是猎人与猎物之间的关系。成功完成该项目所需的证据将通过在三个北部平原野牛杀戮地点和三个南部平原遗址的野牛牙齿的痕量元素分析中获得的新技术获得。这项研究的目的是测试在杀伤部位发现的第三磨牙或第四次前磨牙，以确定野牛狩猎的范围。 LA-ICP-MS是一种高精度的微观抽样技术，可在微观水平上进行最小的破坏性采样。通过此抽样，获得了元素签名，以告知动物寿命中的特定时间间隔，并代表野牛访问的景观上的各个地方。这种尖端技术将提供有关10，000年前野牛迁移模式的信息。然后可以将这些数据与考古遗址的已知数据集成在一起，以更好地了解古印度人猎人使用的方法以及它们如何与社会组织互动。对猎物物种的迁移和运动模式的检查可以进一步告知我们对史前生活方式的理解。痕量元素分析也用于生物环境中，为考古学家和生物学家之间的合作工作提供了机会。该项目还将通过学术工作导致信息传播。除了将通过此数据完成的论文，还将导致参考文章和会议演讲。所有发现将发布并公开提供。除了学术演讲外，俄克拉荷马大学还通过外展计划促进了社区的教育。