Doctoral Dissertation Research: Investigating Resource Structure and Human Mobility During the Late Pleistocene on the US Southern Plains

博士论文研究：调查美国南部平原更新世晚期的资源结构和人类流动

• 批准号: 0535599
• 负责人: Leland Bement
• 金额: $ 0.52万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-01 至 2007-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0535599&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Investigating; Resource

Under the supervision of Dr. Leland C. Bement, Adam Graves will examine the trace element content of bison teeth to determine their migratory patterns. Modern and prehistoric bison teeth from the Southern Plains will be analyzed to assess the interrelatedness of Bison antiquus - an extinct form of the North American buffalo - and human movements between 11,900 and 10,200 years ago. These Early Paleoindians are generally inferred to have been small groups of highly mobile large game hunters who increasingly depended on tracking bison herds for subsistence on the Southern Plains. Bison are a migratory species whose exact geographic location each year may not be predictable by hunters who are traveling long distances. Thus, knowing where bison traversed annually provides insight into the frequency and distance specialized hunters had to move to intercept this highly sought prey species.Recent research concludes that animal movement may be assessed by examining tooth and bone chemistry. In addition to calcium and phosphate, enamel also consists of trace elements that are incorporated into the matrix during mineralization. The trace element content in teeth can be correlated with the trace element content of consumed soils, plants, and water which vary across the landscape on a geographical scale. This study will use Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP/MS) to examine the down-tooth distribution of 13 trace elements in enamel of 20 modern Bison bison from Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas to define the geographical limits and concentrations of specific minerals. In addition, 33 Bison antiquus teeth from nine Early Paleoindian locales on the Southern Plains will be analyzed. The modern bison enamel will provide an elemental map upon which the movements of extinct herds will be assessed. The knowledge of where Bison antiquus gathered would have allowed prehistoric hunters to plan movements or meetings around such aggregations. The research will attempt to reconstruct the scale and frequency of early Paleoindian mobility by examining the locations and timing of kills and the direction of bison movement across the plains.The methods employed by this analysis will be of use to archaeologists, biologists, zoologists, and other natural scientists interested in determining any animal species' - including humans' - diet and mobility in any geographic and chronologic context. The involvement of geochemists, botanists, local bison ranchers, and state parks ensures that the methods used and information learned of the relationship between human settlement and their resources will be shared with a wide audience. Further, Graves will dessiminate the results of the research through publications, documentaries, and public lectures to a widespread audience thus assisting in his professional training.

在Leland C. Bement博士的监督下，亚当·格雷夫斯（Adam Graves）将检查野牛牙齿的微量元素含量，以确定其迁移模式。 将分析来自南部平原的现代和史前野牛牙齿，以评估北美水牛的灭绝形式的野牛的相互关系，以及11,900至10,200年前的人类运动。 这些早期的古印度人通常被推断为一群高度流动的大型游戏猎人，他们越来越依赖于在南平原上追踪野牛牛群。 野牛是一种迁徙物种，每年的确切地理位置可能无法通过长途旅行的猎人无法预测。 因此，知道野牛每年在哪里穿越的地方，可以洞悉频率和距离专业猎人必须采取的行动才能拦截这种备受追捧的猎物。 除钙和磷酸盐外，搪瓷还由痕量元素组成，这些元素在矿化过程中掺入基质中。 牙齿中的痕量元素含量可以与消耗的土壤，植物和水的微量元素含量相关，它们在整个景观中都在地理规模上有所不同。 这项研究将使用激光消融电感耦合等离子体/质谱法（LA-ICP/MS）检查来自20个现代野牛的伊森尼尔（Enamel）的13个痕量元素的下齿分布，来自堪萨斯州，堪萨斯州，新墨西哥州，俄克拉荷马州，俄克拉荷马州和德克萨斯州，以定义了特定特定矿物质的地理限制和浓度。 此外，将分析来自南部平原上九个早期古印度境地的33个野牛Antiquus牙齿。 现代野牛搪瓷将提供一个元素图，将评估灭绝的牛群的运动。 关于野牛阿奇斯（Antiquus）聚集的何处的知识将允许史前猎人计划围绕此类聚集的运动或会议。 这项研究将尝试通过检查杀戮的位置和时间和野牛运动的方向来重建早期古印度的活动能力的规模和频率。该分析所采用的方法将用于考古学家，生物学家，动物学家，动物学家，动物学家，以及其他有兴趣确定任何动物种类的自然科学家（包括人类的饮食和饮食） - 包括任何地理位置和cromical context和Chronogic context and copplactic和Chromogical context和Chronologic context and copplactic and copplactic context and copplactic and copplactic context。 地球化学主义者，植物学家，当地野牛牧场主和州立公园的参与确保了所使用的方法和信息有关人类和解之间关系的信息，并将与广泛的受众共享。 此外，格雷夫斯将通过出版物，纪录片和公开演讲来使研究结果脱颖而出。