Collaborative Research: Land Bridges, Ice-Free Corridors, and Biome Shifts: Impacts on the Evolution and Extinction of Horses in Ice-Age Beringia

合作研究：陆桥、不冻走廊和生物群落变化：对冰河时代白令陆桥马的进化和灭绝的影响

• 批准号: 1417611
• 负责人: Daniel Mann
• 金额: $ 54.27万
• 依托单位: University of Alaska Fairbanks Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-03-01 至 2020-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1417611&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Land; Bridges; Ice

Title: Land Bridges, Ice-Free Corridors, and Biome Shifts: Impacts on the Evolution and Extinction of Horses in Ice-Age BeringiaThis study asks: How important was connectivity among populations of large arctic mammal species for maintaining genetic diversity, influencing evolutionary change, and mitigating extinction risk? What types of barriers affected this connectivity, and how permeable were these barriers to gene flow? The PIs will study how caballine horses, that inhabited ice-age Beringia (the biogeographic connector between Asia and North America), were affected by changes involving three different biogeographic barriers/corridors (1. the Bering Strait/Bering Land Bridge, which controlled dispersal and gene flow between Eurasia and Alaska; 2. the Ice-Free Corridor, which controlled gene flow between the Yukon and the Lower 48 States; and 3. biome shifts that periodically disrupted the spatial continuity of the Mammoth-Steppe, the unique ecosystem that stretched from France to the Yukon during the ice ages) during the last 30,000 years of the ice age. This study will evaluate the effects that each of these putative barriers to gene flow had on the abundance, distribution, and evolutionary trajectories of ice-age horses in the Arctic using new paleogenomic and paleoenvironmental data. The results will provide new insights into the roles played by environmental change and population fragmentation in determining extinction risk, and help predict how ongoing environmental changes will affect arctic ecosystems. This project will lead to advances in the rapidly developing field of paleogenetics and further the brand-new discipline of paleogenomic ecology. The Broader Impacts plan focuses on: a) research and professional development opportunities for graduate students, b) new training opportunities for undergraduate students who aspire to become STEM high school teachers, c) outreach to Native communities in rural Alaska, and d) outreach to K-12 students in Fairbanks, AK. At the end of each summer, the pre-service teachers, graduate students, and PIs will produce an inquiry activity module for grades 9-12 to be shared with local schools. Finally, the PIs will engage in both professional and public discourse, and use the results in media productions.

标题：陆桥、无冰走廊和生物群落转变：对冰河时代白令陆桥马的进化和灭绝的影响这项研究提出：大型北极哺乳动物种群之间的连通性对于维持遗传多样性、影响进化变化、并减轻灭绝风险？哪些类型的障碍影响了这种连通性，这些障碍对基因流动的渗透性如何？ PI 将研究居住在冰河时代白令海峡（亚洲和北美之间的生物地理连接器）的卡巴林马如何受到涉及三个不同生物地理屏​​障/走廊的变化的影响（1.白令海峡/白令陆桥，控制了扩散）以及欧亚大陆和阿拉斯加之间的基因流动；2. 无冰走廊，控制着育空地区和下游 48 个州之间的基因流动；3. 生物群落；在冰河时代的最后 3 万年里，猛犸草原（冰河时期从法国延伸到育空地区的独特生态系统）的空间连续性发生了周期性的变化。这项研究将利用新的古基因组和古环境数据来评估这些假定的基因流动障碍对北极冰河时代马的丰度、分布和进化轨迹的影响。研究结果将为了解环境变化和人口破碎在确定灭绝风险中所发挥的作用提供新的见解，并有助于预测持续的环境变化将如何影响北极生态系统。该项目将推动快速发展的古遗传学领域取得进展，并进一步推动古基因组生态学这一全新学科的发展。更广泛的影响计划侧重于：a) 为研究生提供研究和专业发展机会，b) 为渴望成为 STEM 高中教师的本科生提供新的培训机会，c) 向阿拉斯加农村的原住民社区推广，以及 d) 向阿拉斯加州费尔班克斯的 K-12 学生。每年暑假结束时，职前教师、研究生和 PI 都会制作 9-1​​2 年级的探究活动模块，并与当地学校共享。最后，PI 将参与专业和公共讨论，并将结果用于媒体制作。

项目成果

Life and extinction of megafauna in the ice-age Arctic

冰河时代北极巨型动物的生命和灭绝

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1516573112
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
• 作者: Mann, Daniel H.;Groves, Pamela;Reanier, Richard E.;Gaglioti, Benjamin V.;Kunz, Michael L.;Shapiro, Beth
• 通讯作者: Shapiro, Beth

Ice-age megafauna in Arctic Alaska: extinction, invasion, survival

• DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.03.015
• 发表时间: 2013-06
• 期刊: Quaternary Science Reviews
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: D. Mann;P. Groves;M. Kunz;R. Reanier;B. Gaglioti

Aeolian stratigraphy describes ice-age paleoenvironments in unglaciated Arctic Alaska

风地层学描述了非冰川北极阿拉斯加的冰河时代古环境

• DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.01.002
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Quaternary Science Reviews
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: Gaglioti, Benjamin V.;Mann, Daniel H.;Groves, Pamela;Kunz, Michael L.;Farquharson, Louise M.;Reanier, Richard E.;Jones, Benjamin M.;Wooller, Matthew J.
• 通讯作者: Wooller, Matthew J.