Ocean Acidification: Collaborative Research: Development of a Compact Instrument for Field Measurements of pH, Total Dissolved Inorganic Carbon, and Total Alkalinity

海洋酸化：合作研究：开发用于现场测量 pH、总溶解无机碳和总碱度的紧凑型仪器

• 批准号: 1414586
• 负责人: Robert Byrne
• 金额: $ 31.28万
• 依托单位: University of South Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2018-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1414586&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Ocean; Acidification; Collaborative; Research; Development

Ocean acidification, most generally described as resulting from the uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide by surface ocean waters, has importance consequences for ocean chemistry and for marine organisms. Understanding these changes and their consequences requires an understanding of the complex chemistry of the dissolved carbon dioxide (or carbonate) system in seawater, and the ability to accurately and precisely measure small changes in carbonate system parameters. Such measurements require specialized training and are beyond the specific expertise of many investigators who would like to pursue research related to ocean acidification. This project will support the development of a portable, automated instrument that will enable investigators with limited backgrounds in chemistry to collect high-quality carbon-system data, providing essential quantitative context for their ocean acidification research. The sensor will be a compact, relatively low-cost, robust instrument designed to collect pH, total dissolved inorganic carbon, and total alkalinity data from discrete samples, shore-based stations, and a variety of surface platforms. The specific objective of this proposal is to develop a third-generation "Multi-parameter Inorganic Carbon Analyzer" (MICA III), which will enable straightforward measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), and pH in the field. This multi-parameter sensor will be easy to operate and highly portable, with virtually no supporting infrastructure requirements. The underlying carbon system measurement protocols were previously demonstrated in the field using MICA I. DIC and pH will constitute the fundamental pairing from which other parameters (the partial pressure of CO2, TA, and carbonate ion concentration) will be calculated. An additional directly measured parameter (TA) will allow assessments of internal thermodynamic consistency among our calculated and measured properties. To enable TA measurements within a compact instrument, the investigators will use a novel equilibration design as an alternative to the standard titration methods. With this approach, they plan to substantially simplify the instrument, eliminating requirements for highly precise acid metering. State-of-the-art optical, mechanical, and electrical design software will be employed in conjunction with laboratory and field tests, using an iterative approach to develop and refine the design of MICA III over a three-year period. One of the intended impacts of this project - generating awareness of ocean acidification - will be realized in three ways. First, by developing a technology to substantially facilitate carbon-system measurements, this project will enable researchers with diverse objectives to collect and disseminate observations of the carbon system on a much larger scale. Since the proposed technology is fully consistent with best-practice protocols, results from different investigations will be directly comparable in terms of their chemical context. In turn, this will reduce uncertainties surrounding observations and interpretations. Second, the proposed activities include development of an ocean acidification discussion and technology demonstration. This discussion will be presented to students at the new Cousteau Center for Marine Studies at the Canterbury School and at the St. Petersburg Science Festival, both in St. Petersburg, Florida. The Science Festival is a locally sponsored event for the general public with attendance of about 12,000-15,000 residents. Finally, the results of this project will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national meetings. Field data and associated metadata collected during this effort will be submitted to the Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office, which will also archive the data in the appropriate national archive facility.

海洋酸化，最普遍地描述为由地面海水吸收二氧化碳的吸收，对海洋化学和海洋生物具有重要的后果。了解这些变化及其后果需要了解海水中溶解的二氧化碳（或碳酸盐）系统的复杂化学性质，以及能够准确，精确地测量碳酸盐系统参数的小变化的能力。这样的测量需要专门的培训，并且超出了许多希望从事与海洋酸化有关的研究的研究人员的具体专业知识。该项目将支持一种便携式自动化仪器的开发，该工具将使化学背景有限的研究人员收集高质量的碳系统数据，从而为其海洋酸化研究提供了必不可少的定量背景。该传感器将是一种紧凑，相对较低的鲁棒仪器，旨在收集pH，总溶解的无机碳以及来自离散样品，基于海岸的站点和各种表面平台的总碱度数据。该提案的具体目标是开发第三代“多参数无机碳分析仪”（云母III），该公司将对溶解的无机碳（DIC），总碱度（TA）和pH的直接测量进行直接测量。该多参数传感器将易于操作且高度便携，几乎没有支持基础架构要求。先前使用MICA I. DIC和pH在现场证明了基本的碳系统测量方案将构成基本配对，该配对将从中计算出其他参数（CO2，TA和碳酸盐离子浓度）的基本配对。另一个直接测量的参数（TA）将允许评估我们计算出的和测量的特性之间的内部热力学一致性。为了在紧凑型仪器中启用TA测量，研究人员将使用新颖的平衡设计作为标准滴定方法的替代方法。通过这种方法，他们计划实质上简化仪器，从而消除了对高度精确的酸计量的要求。最先进的光学，机械和电气设计软件将与实验室和现场测试一起使用，使用迭代方法在三年内开发和完善MICA III的设计。该项目的预期影响之一（产生了海洋酸化意识）将通过三种方式实现。首先，通过开发一项技术来实质性地促进碳系统测量，该项目将使具有多种目标的研究人员能够以更大的规模收集和传播对碳系统的观察结果。由于所提出的技术与最佳实践方案完全一致，因此不同研究的结果将在其化学背景下直接可比。反过来，这将减少围绕观察和解释的不确定性。其次，拟议的活动包括开发海洋酸化讨论和技术演示。该讨论将向坎特伯雷学校新库斯托海洋研究中心和佛罗里达州圣彼得堡的圣彼得堡科学节上的新库斯托海洋研究中心展出。科学节是为公众提供的本地赞助活动，大约有12,000-15,000名居民。最后，该项目的结果将在同行评审的期刊上发表，并在国家会议上发表。在这项工作中收集的现场数据和相关的元数据将提交给生物和化学海洋学数据管理办公室，该办公室还将在适当的国家档案设施中存档数据。