CHS: Medium: Collaborative Research: Computational Design and 3D Printing of Textiles

CHS：媒介：协作研究：纺织品的计算设计和 3D 打印

• 批准号: 1409286
• 负责人: Eitan Grinspun
• 金额: $ 49.99万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2018-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1409286&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CHS; Medium; Collaborative; Research; Computational; CHS; Medium; Collaborative; Research; Computational

In addition to being the essential fabric of the world's fashion industry, textiles are important components for automotive, aeronautical, architectural, and defense applications. Yet textile prototyping and design (whether for garments, upholstery or composite materials) is an arduous and expensive process. This research project seeks to understand and advance the role of new additive manufacturing technologies (commonly referred to as "3D printing") in the design and prototyping of textile products. The PIs' goal is to develop 3D printing hardware and computer software that enable engineers to prototype textile designs more quickly and economically, and with greater control over a broad gamut of mechanical, optical, and electrical characteristics such as aerodynamic drag, adhesion, heat regulation, friction, elasticity, porosity, density, electrical conductivity, and visual appearance. Beyond individual textiles, project outcomes will support the fabrication of complete products that do not require considerable stitching and assembly, and which may include curved shapes too difficult to cut from flat panels and/or complex composite assemblies too costly to fabricate via traditional methods. To achieve these objectives, the PIs will develop: a library of highly-optimized textile "units" that can be combined using a new language of textile functionality to form a vast array of possible textiles; computer optimization software that enables precise control of textile properties; a computer program that allows users to visually and interactively design complex textile products; and a specialized 3D Printer that is able to precisely fabricate textiles involving multiple materials.Technically speaking, this project will create the first complete hardware/software pipeline for digital design and fabrication of textiles using multi-material 3D printing. The first fundamental step in this pipeline is constructing parameterized meta-material templates that provide users with high-level knobs for tuning the behavior and large-scale properties of a textile. Next, the ability to interactively simulate the behavior of a virtual textile will be achieved by combining continuum homogenization and data-driven methods; the PIs will develop an interactive design tool that employs first order sensitivity analysis tied to the physical simulation, to enable designers to navigate the huge space of possible designs at both the micro and macro levels. A new language for functionally specifying textile designs that employs a reducer-tuner model will allow engineers and designers to specify meta-materials in terms of desired behavior and performance, enabling designs with guarantees on their characteristics and compliance with standards. Printing volumes for current 3D printers are limited; however, by incorporating computational textile folding into the pipeline, the PIs' system will be able to print very large designs in much smaller folded configurations. Solution of the folding problem will involve nonlinear, non-convex, optimization with unilateral contact constraints. Finally, textiles and garments will be printed using both off-the-shelf 3D printers and a novel low-cost, high-resolution, modular 3D printing platform that is capable of printing with up to 12 different materials that vary in mechanical and appearance properties. In addition to photopolymer materials, the PIs plan to extend hardware capabilities to 3D print structures using co-polymers and solvent-based materials. More information about this project is available online at http://textiles.csail.mit.edu/

除了成为世界时装业的重要结构外，纺织品还是汽车，航空，建筑和国防应用的重要组成部分。 然而，纺织品原型和设计（无论服装，内饰还是复合材料）是一个艰巨而昂贵的过程。 该研究项目旨在理解和推进新的增材制造技术（通常称为“ 3D打印”）在纺织品的设计和原型制作中的作用。 PIS的目标是开发3D打印硬件和计算机软件，使工程师能够更快，经济地原型纺织品设计，并且可以更好地控制机械，光学和电气特征的广泛范围，例如空气动力学，粘附，热调节，热量调节，弹性，弹性，弹性，孔隙度，密度，密度，密度，密度，密度，电导率和视觉外观。 除了单个纺织品之外，项目结果还将支持制造不需要大量缝合和组装的完整产品，并且可能包括弯曲形状太难从平面面板和/或复杂的复合组件中切割而成太高的昂贵，无法通过传统方法制造。 为了实现这些目标，PI将开发：一个高度优化的纺织“单元”库，可以使用新的纺织功能语言组合，以形成大量可能的纺织品；计算机优化软件，可以精确控制纺织特性；一个允许用户在视觉和交互式设计复杂纺织品产品的计算机程序；以及能够精确制造涉及多种材料的纺织品的专业3D打印机。从技术上讲，该项目将创建第一个完整的硬件/软件管道，用于使用多种物质3D打印，用于数字设计和制造纺织品。 该管道中的第一个基本步骤是构建参数化的元材料模板，该模板为用户提供高级旋钮来调整纺织品的行为和大规模属性。 接下来，通过结合连续均质化和数据驱动方法来实现交互模拟虚拟纺织品行为的能力； PI将开发一种交互式设计工具，该工具采用与物理模拟相关的一阶灵敏度分析，以使设计人员能够在微观和宏观水平上浏览可能的设计的巨大空间。 一种用于使用还原器模型的纺织设计的新语言，将使工程师和设计师可以根据所需的行为和性能指定元物质，从而使设计具有保证其特征和符合标准的设计。 当前3D打印机的打印量有限；但是，通过将计算纺织品折叠结合到管道中，PIS的系统将能够以较小的折叠配置打印出非常大的设计。 折叠问题的解决方案将涉及具有单方面接触约束的非线性，非凸的优化。最后，将使用现成的3D打印机和一种新型的低成本，高分辨率，模块化3D打印平台打印纺织品和服装，该平台能够使用多达12种不同的机械和外观特性各不相同的材料进行打印。 除了光聚合物材料外，PIS计划使用共聚物和基于溶剂的材料将硬件功能扩展到3D打印结构。 有关此项目的更多信息，请访问http://textiles.csail.mit.edu/