CHS: Medium: Collaborative Research: Computational Design and 3D Printing of Textiles

CHS：媒介：协作研究：纺织品的计算设计和 3D 打印

• 批准号: 1409286
• 负责人: Eitan Grinspun
• 金额: $ 49.99万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2018-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1409286&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CHS; Medium; Collaborative; Research; Computational

In addition to being the essential fabric of the world's fashion industry, textiles are important components for automotive, aeronautical, architectural, and defense applications. Yet textile prototyping and design (whether for garments, upholstery or composite materials) is an arduous and expensive process. This research project seeks to understand and advance the role of new additive manufacturing technologies (commonly referred to as "3D printing") in the design and prototyping of textile products. The PIs' goal is to develop 3D printing hardware and computer software that enable engineers to prototype textile designs more quickly and economically, and with greater control over a broad gamut of mechanical, optical, and electrical characteristics such as aerodynamic drag, adhesion, heat regulation, friction, elasticity, porosity, density, electrical conductivity, and visual appearance. Beyond individual textiles, project outcomes will support the fabrication of complete products that do not require considerable stitching and assembly, and which may include curved shapes too difficult to cut from flat panels and/or complex composite assemblies too costly to fabricate via traditional methods. To achieve these objectives, the PIs will develop: a library of highly-optimized textile "units" that can be combined using a new language of textile functionality to form a vast array of possible textiles; computer optimization software that enables precise control of textile properties; a computer program that allows users to visually and interactively design complex textile products; and a specialized 3D Printer that is able to precisely fabricate textiles involving multiple materials.Technically speaking, this project will create the first complete hardware/software pipeline for digital design and fabrication of textiles using multi-material 3D printing. The first fundamental step in this pipeline is constructing parameterized meta-material templates that provide users with high-level knobs for tuning the behavior and large-scale properties of a textile. Next, the ability to interactively simulate the behavior of a virtual textile will be achieved by combining continuum homogenization and data-driven methods; the PIs will develop an interactive design tool that employs first order sensitivity analysis tied to the physical simulation, to enable designers to navigate the huge space of possible designs at both the micro and macro levels. A new language for functionally specifying textile designs that employs a reducer-tuner model will allow engineers and designers to specify meta-materials in terms of desired behavior and performance, enabling designs with guarantees on their characteristics and compliance with standards. Printing volumes for current 3D printers are limited; however, by incorporating computational textile folding into the pipeline, the PIs' system will be able to print very large designs in much smaller folded configurations. Solution of the folding problem will involve nonlinear, non-convex, optimization with unilateral contact constraints. Finally, textiles and garments will be printed using both off-the-shelf 3D printers and a novel low-cost, high-resolution, modular 3D printing platform that is capable of printing with up to 12 different materials that vary in mechanical and appearance properties. In addition to photopolymer materials, the PIs plan to extend hardware capabilities to 3D print structures using co-polymers and solvent-based materials. More information about this project is available online at http://textiles.csail.mit.edu/

纺织品除了是世界时装业的重要面料之外，还是汽车、航空、建筑和国防应用的重要组成部分。 然而，纺织品原型制作和设计（无论是服装、室内装饰还是复合材料）是一个艰巨且昂贵的过程。 该研究项目旨在了解和推进新型增材制造技术（通常称为“3D 打印”）在纺织产品设计和原型制作中的作用。 PI 的目标是开发 3D 打印硬件和计算机软件，使工程师能够更快、更经济地制作纺织品设计原型，并更好地控制广泛的机械、光学和电气特性，例如空气动力阻力、附着力、热调节、摩擦力、弹性、孔隙率、密度、导电率和视觉外观。 除了单个纺织品之外，项目成果还将支持不需要大量缝合和组装的完整产品的制造，其中可能包括难以从平板上切割的弯曲形状和/或复杂的复合组件，其成本太高而无法通过传统方法制造。 为了实现这些目标，PI 将开发： 一个高度优化的纺织品“单元”库，可以使用一种新的纺织品功能语言进行组合，形成大量可能的纺织品；计算机优化软件，能够精确控制纺织品性能；允许用户以视觉方式和交互方式设计复杂纺织产品的计算机程序；以及能够精确制造涉及多种材料的纺织品的专用 3D 打印机。从技术上讲，该项目将创建第一个完整的硬件/软件管道，用于使用多材料 3D 打印进行纺织品的数字设计和制造。 该流程的第一个基本步骤是构建参数化的超材料模板，为用户提供高级旋钮来调整纺织品的行为和大规模属性。 接下来，将通过结合连续均质化和数据驱动方法来实现交互式模拟虚拟纺织品行为的能力； PI 将开发一种交互式设计工具，该工具采用与物理模拟相关的一阶灵敏度分析，使设计人员能够在微观和宏观层面上驾驭可能设计的巨大空间。 一种采用减速器-调谐器模型的功能指定纺织品设计的新语言将允许工程师和设计师根据所需的行为和性能指定超材料，从而使设计能够保证其特性并符合标准。 当前 3D 打印机的打印量有限；然而，通过将计算纺织品折叠纳入管道中，PI 的系统将能够以更小的折叠配置打印非常大的设计。 折叠问题的解决方案将涉及具有单边接触约束的非线性、非凸优化。最后，纺织品和服装将使用现成的 3D 打印机和新型低成本、高分辨率、模块化 3D 打印平台进行打印，该平台能够使用多达 12 种机械和外观属性各异的不同材料进行打印。 除了光聚合物材料之外，PI 还计划将硬件功能扩展到使用共聚物和溶剂型材料的 3D 打印结构。 有关该项目的更多信息可在线获取：http://textiles.csail.mit.edu/