Studies of Nuclear Reactions and Structure

核反应和结构研究

• 批准号: 1401574
• 负责人: Samuel Tabor
• 金额: $ 456万
• 依托单位: Florida State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-15 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1401574&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Studies; Nuclear; Reactions; Structure

This award funds a broad program of measurements in nuclear physics by faculty and students at Florida State University (FSU). The experiments include studies of nuclear reactions and decays that play key roles in all stages of stellar processes. This aspect of the program supports the large investment made and being made in astronomical observations worldwide. Other experiments focus on the evolution of nuclear shell structure with increasing neutron number, especially near the magic numbers of 20 and 28. The behavior of nuclei at ultra-high spin will be explored through discrete gamma spectroscopy using arrays of gamma detectors at FSU and at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL). The group will also exploit heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) to investigate the characteristics of the quark-gluon plasma. The broader societal impacts of this project lie in the education and training of undergraduate and graduate students in a hands-on environment. Florida State University has served as one of the leading educators in the field of nuclear physics (4th highest Ph.D. production in the U.S.) and this grant will enable the group to continue to attract and train the best and brightest graduate students in experimental nuclear physics. Because of the students' training and hands-on work with high tech equipment in a forefront nuclear physics laboratory, FSU graduates are in high demand and now serve in key roles in homeland security, national defense, high-tech industry, leading edge research, and STEM education. Finally, these measurements will be important for understanding stellar processes and the abundance of elements in our universe. A significant part of the proposed research uses short-lived rare nuclear isotopes from the FSU Fox Laboratory to study nuclear reactions and structure in unstable nuclei. This is very important for reactions of astrophysical importance, many of which proceed through unstable nuclei. These beams have low intensity and so will benefit from the ANASEN active target and detector array recently developed by FSU in collaboration with Louisiana State University. A newly developed neutron detector array (RESONEUT) will be used to study (d,n) reactions in inverse kinematics with radioactive beams. A series of experiments is planned to measure the critical parameter of lifetime following beta decay of heavy, neutron-rich nuclei on and close to the expected r-process path at TRIUMF. The confrontation of state-of-the-art shell model calculations for multiple cross-shell excitations with proposed nuclear structure measurements will strengthen their reliability for extrapolation to the astrophysically important region. The FSU 14C beam will be used to explore nuclear structure in more neutron-rich nuclei with a recently digitized Germanium detector array. Measurements using gamma detector arrays (GRETINA and GAMMASPHERE) will explore newly proposed exotic shapes and ultra-high-spin structures in the atomic mass ~ 150 region. Other work involves studying the quark-gluon plasma with heavy flavor probes using the PHENIX detector system, parts of which were constructed at FSU. In this instance the FSU focus is on the effects of cold nuclear matter on heavy quarkonia production.

该奖项为佛罗里达州立大学（FSU）的教师和学生提供了广泛的核物理测量计划。 实验包括对核反应的研究和在恒星过程的各个阶段中起关键作用的衰减的研究。 该计划的这一方面支持了全球天文观察的大量投资和进行的投资。 其他实验的重点是中子数的增加，尤其是在20和28的魔法数量附近。超高旋转的核数的行为将通过FSU和全国超导Cyclotroning Cyclotron Laboratory（NSCL）进行离散伽马光谱探索。 该小组还将利用相对论重离子对撞机（RHIC）的重离子碰撞来研究夸克 - 胶子等离子体的特征。 该项目的更广泛的社会影响在于在动手环境中对本科生和研究生的教育和培训。 佛罗里达州立大学曾是核物理学领域的主要教育者之一（美国第四高博士学位生产），该赠款将使该组织能够继续吸引和培训实验性核物理学上最好，最聪明的研究生。 由于学生与高科技设备在最前沿的核物理实验室的培训和动手合作，FSU毕业生的需求很高，现在在国土安全，国防，高科技行业，领先的边缘研究和STEM教育中发挥关键作用。 最后，这些测量值对于理解恒星过程和我们宇宙中大量元素至关重要。拟议的研究的重要部分使用FSU Fox实验室的短暂稀有核同位素研究不稳定核中的核反应和结构。 这对于天体物理重要性的反应非常重要，其中许多通过不稳定的核进行。 这些梁的强度低，因此将受益于FSU与路易斯安那州立大学合作开发的Anasen主动目标和检测器阵列。 新开发的中子检测器阵列（Resoneut）将用于研究（D，N）与放射性束的反向运动学中的反应。 计划进行一系列实验，以测量在triumf的重型，富含中子的核的β衰减后，寿命的关键参数。 针对多个交叉壳激发与拟议的核结构测量的最新壳模型计算的对抗将增强其外推到天体重要区域的可靠性。 FSU 14C梁将用最近数字化的锗检测器阵列探索较高中子的核中的核结构。 使用伽马检测器阵列（Gretina和Gammasphere）的测量将探索原子量〜150区域的新提出的外来形状和超高旋转结构。 其他工作涉及使用Phenix探测器系统研究夸克 - 杜松血浆，其中一部分是在FSU上构建的。 在这种情况下，FSU的重点是冷核物质对大量夸克尼亚产量的影响。