SG: Distinguishing between core and transient species: new insights into the determinants of species richness

SG：区分核心物种和短暂物种：对物种丰富度决定因素的新见解

• 批准号: 1354563
• 负责人: Allen Hurlbert
• 金额: $ 14.98万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-03-01 至 2018-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1354563&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SG; Distinguishing; between; core; transient

Understanding how and why biodiversity varies across the globe is a long-standing focus of ecology and is a fundamental concern of many conservation efforts. However, simply counting the number of species in an area may not give an accurate representation of biodiversity because many of the species observed in an area do not occur there regularly. By analyzing data collected over the past forty years by volunteer birders at almost 500 locations across North America, it was found that most bird species fall into one of two categories: core species that are observed almost every year at a site, and transient species that are observed only rarely. The number of core bird species was most strongly related to local climate and vegetation, whereas the number of transient bird species was greatest in regions with a diversity of habitats, independent of climate. This project will assess the generality of this distinction between core and transient species, and the importance of that distinction for understanding patterns in species diversity across a broad range of taxonomic groups and ecosystems including birds, mammals, butterflies, plants, fish, plankton, and intertidal invertebrates. Results from this research will have implications for both basic and applied understanding of the determinants of biodiversity, and for how ecological communities will respond to climate and land use change. Research training and career mentoring will be provided for one graduate student. In conjunction with the University of North Carolina's Center for Mathematics and Science Education and the Pre-College Program, public outreach activities will be developed that engage middle school students, including a large proportion from underrepresented groups. The Pre-College Program is an inquiry-based program of enrichment and encouragement in science and mathematics for women and minorities underrepresented in scientific and mathematical careers. One product of this outreach will be an interpretive display exhibited at the North Carolina Botanical Garden. The researchers will also provide structured workshops to improve the computational and data management skills of scientists of all levels.

了解全球生物多样性的方式以及为什么生物多样性是生态学的长期重点，并且是许多保护工作的基本关注。但是，仅仅计算一个区域中的物种数量可能不会给出精确的生物多样性表示，因为在该区域中观察到的许多物种不经常发生。通过分析过去40年来志愿观鸟者在北美近500个地点收集的数据，发现大多数鸟类属于两类中的一种：几乎每年在一个地点观察到的核心物种，而短暂的物种仅观察到很少的物种。核心物种的数量与局部气候和植被最密切相关，而瞬态鸟类物种的数量在多种栖息地（独立于气候）的地区最大。该项目将评估核心物种和瞬态物种之间这种区别的普遍性，以及该区别对于理解广泛分类群和生态系统（包括鸟类，哺乳动物，蝴蝶，植物，鱼类，浮游生物，浮游生物和潮汐无危险症）的物种多样性的重要性。这项研究的结果将对对生物多样性决定因素的基本和应用理解以及生态社区如何应对气候和土地利用变化的反应有影响。将为一名研究生提供研究培训和职业指导。将与北卡罗来纳大学数学与科学教育中心以及大学前计划结合使用，将开发公共外展活动，吸引中学生，包括代表性不足的团体的很大一部分。预科课程是一项基于探究的基于探究的计划，以对科学和数学职业的妇女和少数民族的科学和数学鼓励和鼓励。这种外展的一种产品将是北卡罗来纳州植物园展出的解释性展览。研究人员还将提供结构化的研讨会，以提高各级科学家的计算和数据管理技能。