CAREER: Toward an improved understanding of the impact of silicon on arsenic, iron, and carbon biogeochemical cycling in rice paddy soils

职业：更好地了解硅对稻田土壤中砷、铁和碳生物地球化学循环的影响

• 批准号: 1350580
• 负责人: Angelia Seyfferth
• 金额: $ 46.47万
• 依托单位: University of Delaware
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1350580&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Toward; improved; understanding; impact; CAREER; Toward; improved; understanding; impact

Rice is a staple crop for nearly half of the people on Earth, yet its quality and quantity are affected by arsenic (As) with consequent impacts on global human health and food security. Silicon (Si) addition to rice paddy soil has been proposed as a potential mitigation strategy since the dominant form of As in rice paddies shares a root-uptake pathway with Si in rice; however, addition of Si may inadvertently impact other biogeochemical cycles such as iron (Fe) and carbon (C) in soil, depending on the source of Si used. Thus, before Si addition can be proposed as a feasible strategy to mitigate arsenic uptake by rice globally, fundamental scientific questions must be addressed. Accordingly, the goal of this project is to understand how different sources of Si added to soil will affect a) As uptake and accumulation in rice, b) Fe plaque formation and mineralogy (which influences As mobility), and c) carbon dioxide and methane production and efflux. The outcomes of this work will increase the basic scientific understanding of altered Si on As, Fe, and C cycling in rice paddies, and may identify an affordable and practical solution to the arsenic-in-rice problem with consequent benefits for the global society. Furthermore, the outcomes of this work have a strong educational component and will be widely disseminated to rice-growers through partnerships with non-profit organizations, and to the scientific community through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. This research will have both laboratory and field components and the investigations will span the nanometer to meter-field scale. A major component is the establishment of a new outdoor research-education laboratory, the Rice Investigation, Communication, and Education (RICE) Facility. The RICE Facility will be constructed -with ongoing aid of students in the Landscape Design program- at the University of Delaware (UD), and will enable field experiments in rice paddy mesocosms during summers and allow the integration of research with educational outreach objectives. The overarching educational goal is to increase the representation of underrepresented groups in (geo)science by providing scholastic opportunities for female and economically-disadvantaged students. Specifically, a) an annual 1-day summer-camp entitled Soil is Life will be developed at the RICE Facility for students from the all-female middle-school Serviam Academy, b) a high-school student from Newark High School will be paid to work on this project at the RICE Facility annually during summer months, c) a new undergraduate course will be developed that integrates soils and sustainability, and d) this project will directly train graduate students on this interfacial field of study. The proposed research and education will propel the career as a young scientist, support her continual development into a successful teacher-scholar at University of Delaware, and support her ongoing commitment and efforts to increase the integration and representation of underrepresented groups in (geo)science.

大米是地球上近一半人的主食，但其质量和数量受砷（AS）的影响，因此对全球人类健康和粮食安全产生了影响。硅（SI）添加了稻田土壤，这是一种潜在的缓解策略，因为AS的主要形式与大米中的SI共享了root跑途径。但是，根据所用的SI来源，SI的添加可能会无意间影响其他生物地球化学周期，例如铁（Fe）和碳（C）（C）。 因此，在添加SI作为缓解全球稻米砷吸收砷的可行策略之前，必须解决基本的科学问题。 因此，该项目的目的是了解添加到土壤中的不同来源将如何影响a）作为大米的摄取和积累，b）Fe斑块形成和矿物学（将其影响为迁移率），以及C）二氧化碳，二氧化碳以及甲烷的产生和外排。这项工作的结果将增加对米帕迪斯（AS），fe和c骑自行车的基本科学理解，并可能确定负担得起且实用的解决方案，以解决砷中的问题，并为全球社会带来益处。此外，这项工作的成果具有很强的教育成分，并将通过与非营利组织的合作伙伴关系以及通过同行评审的出版物和会议演讲来广泛传播给水稻的发展。这项研究将具有实验室和野外组件，研究将跨越纳米尺度。 一个主要组成部分是建立新的户外研究教育实验室，大米调查，交流和教育（大米）设施。大米设施将在特拉华大学（UD）的景观设计计划中持续建造 - 在景观设计计划中的持续辅助，并将在夏季在稻田中涉及稻米帕迪中库的实地实验，并允许将研究与教育外展目标整合。总体的教育目标是通过为女性和经济待遇的学生提供学业机会来增加（GEO）科学中代表性不足的群体的代表。 a）a）每年为1天的夏季营业界的土壤是生命，将在稻米设施中为来自全女性中学中学服务的学生开发，b）一名来自纽瓦克高中的高中生将在夏季每年在米饭中每年在稻米工厂工作，在夏季，c）将在米饭中每年在稻米工厂工作，c）c）将培训这项培训，该研究将培训这项培训，并将其培训始于该计划，并将其整合到该项目中。 拟议的研究和教育将推动作为年轻科学家的职业，将她的持续发展作为特拉华大学成功的教师cholar，并支持她持续的承诺和努力，以增加（GEO）科学中代表性不足的群体的整合和代表。