The Functional role of Moss in structuring Biotic interactions, and Terrestrialization of Antarctica

苔藓在构建生物相互作用和南极洲陆地化中的功能作用

基本信息

批准号：
1341742
负责人：
Sarah Eppley
金额：
$ 49.86万
依托单位：
Portland State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-07-01 至 2019-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1341742&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Functional role Moss structuring Biotic

项目摘要

Despite the harsh conditions, over one hundred plant species occur in Antarctica, although they are restricted to the milder areas on the Antarctic Peninsula and coastal islands. As the Antarctic continent becomes warmer and wetter due to climate change, plants are colonizing newly exposed ground, and are predicted to become more dominant. However, little is known about how warming will affect Antarctic plant communities or how increasing overall terrestrial communities of a continent, as is occurring in Antarctica via warming, will progress. Using experiments to artificially increase temperatures in plant communities in an international collaboration with biologists from Chile, this project will focus on understanding how warming will affect reproduction and chemistry of Antarctic plants. Through understanding the impacts of warming on plant biology, the project will address the critical issue of how a warming climate will impact the on-going re-vegetation of a rapidly changing continent. The project will further the NSF goal of training new generations of scientists by training multiple graduate and undergraduate students. As a central part of this research effort, the investigators will develop graduate student training and collaboration between institutions in Chile and the U.S including bringing students from Chile to be trained in new techniques in their laboratories in the U.S as well as allowing U.S. students to travel to Chile for research collaboration. Climate change is shifting species distributions worldwide, and as temperatures continue to increase an unprecedented large-scale effect on these shifting species assemblages is predicted. Mosses are the dominant vegetation in polar regions but in contrast to Arctic systems, we know relatively little about the role of Antarctic mosses in organizing communities and less still on how warming influences Antarctic moss communities. The investigators will use Open Top Chamber passive warming experiments, which have been installed for five years by their Chilean collaborator on King George and Livingston Islands, and will concentrate on how warming impacts bryophyte productivity, sexual systems, and secondary chemistries, and on how these changes affect community processes. A suite of ecological, physiological, and molecular approaches will be used to examine how warming impacts species-specific moss function, community assembly, and ultimately, the moss-mediated engineering of the Antarctic ecosystem. The team will test three integrated research hypotheses: 1) Warming will alter moss species composition, moss sex ratio, and differentially impact moss productivity and reproductive success in Antarctica; 2) Warming will impact the production of moss secondary compounds, influencing the dynamics of biotic interactions and biosphere-atmosphere exchange in terrestrial Antarctica; and 3) Warming will alter moss-microbe interactions, resulting in alterations to the moss food web and community dynamics in terrestrial Antarctica. These data will be the first comprehensive measures of how Antarctic mosses engineer their environment and thereby drive terrestrial responses to warming.

尽管有恶劣的条件，但南极洲仍有100多种植物物种，尽管它们仅限于南极半岛和沿海岛屿上的温和地区。随着由于气候变化而引起的南极大陆变得更加温暖和潮湿，植物正在定植新裸露的地面，预计将变得更加主导。但是，关于变暖将如何影响南极植物群落或大陆的整体陆地社区的增加，就像通过变暖发生的那样，对南极植物社区的影响鲜为人知。在与智利的生物学家合作的国际合作中，使用实验来人为地增加植物群落中的温度，该项目将重点了解变暖将如何影响南极植物的繁殖和化学。通过了解变暖对植物生物学的影响，该项目将解决变暖气候将如何影响快速变化的大陆的持续重新植物的关键问题。该项目将通过培训多个研究生和本科生来进一步培训新一代科学家的目标。作为这项研究工作的核心部分，研究人员将开发智利与美国机构之间的研究生培训和合作智利进行研究合作。气候变化是在全球范围内变化的物种分布，并且随着温度继续增加对这些变化物种组合的前所未有的大规模影响。苔藓是极地地区的主要植被，但与北极系统相比，我们对南极苔藓在组织社区中的作用相对较少，而对变暖如何影响南极苔藓群落的作用却很少。调查人员将使用智利合作者在乔治国王和利文斯顿群岛上安装了五年的开放式室内被动变暖实验，并将集中精力介绍变暖的影响如何影响苔藓植物的生产力，性系统和次要化学，以及这些变化会影响社区流程。一套生态，生理和分子方法将用于研究变暖如何影响物种特异性的苔藓功能，社区组装，最终是南极生态系统的苔藓介导的工程。小组将检验三个综合研究假设：1）变暖将改变苔藓物种组成，苔藓性别比例，并在南极洲差异影响苔藓的生产力和生殖成功； 2）变暖会影响苔藓次级化合物的产生，从而影响陆地南极洲生物相互作用和生物圈 - 大气交换的动力学； 3）变暖会改变苔藓菌相互作用，从而改变陆地南极洲的苔藓食品网和社区动态。这些数据将是南极苔藓如何设计其环境的第一个综合措施，从而推动对变暖的陆地反应。