Novel Methods to Observe Heat and Ice in the High Latitudes Using PIES

使用 PIES 观测高纬度地区的热量和冰的新方法

• 批准号: 1332911
• 负责人: Magdalena Andres
• 金额: $ 48.3万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2017-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1332911&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Novel; Methods; Observe; Heat; Ice

This project will develop and test a non-traditional method to measure the time-varying heat content and vertical temperature profile in high-latitude seas, shelves, and fjords using pressure-sensor-equipped inverted echo sounders (PIES). PIES, which are installed on the seafloor below the reach of destructive iceberg keels, present a promising and inexpensive way to improve understanding of fjord dynamics and shelf-fjord interactions and will increase long-term monitoring capabilities in high latitudes where remoteness and harsh conditions hamper traditional in situ observation techniques. The use of PIES to characterize variability at high latitudes is a novel repurposing of an existing technology, but rests on the same principle as the traditional blue-water uses for PIES: due to the dependence of sound speed on temperature, the surface-to-bottom round-trip acoustic-travel-time associated with reflections between the PIES and the air-sea interface is an excellent proxy for heat content in the intervening water column. Furthermore, since reflections from seawater-ice interfaces are also detected when ice is present, PIES also provide a means to characterize the ice component in high-latitude systems. The PIs propose to develop these methods with existing PIES data collected in a 1-year test deployment in Sermilik Fjord in eastern Greenland and with observations to be collected in a 2-year deployment of three PIES in the fjord and on the nearby shelf.

该项目将开发并测试一种非传统方法，以使用配备压力传感器的倒置回声声（PIES），在高纬度海洋，架子和峡湾中测量时变热量和垂直温度曲线。馅饼安装在破坏性冰山龙骨覆盖范围以下的海底上，提出了一种有前途且廉价的方式，可以提高人们对峡湾动态和架子峡湾互动的了解，并会在高纬度地区提高长期监测能力，在这种情况下传统的原位观察技术。使用派在高纬度上表征可变性的是现有技术的一种新颖的重新利用，但基于与传统的蓝水用途相同的原理：由于音速对温度的依赖性，因此表面之间的表面对 - 与派和空气界面之间的反射相关的底部往返声学旅行时间是在间隔水柱中热含量的绝佳代理。此外，由于在存在冰时还检测到海水冰界面的反射，因此派还提供了一种表征高纬度系统中冰分的方法。 PI提议通过在格陵兰东部的Sermilik Fjord进行的1年测试部署中收集的现有派对数据来开发这些方法，并在峡湾和附近的架子上进行了2年部署三个派的观察结果。