CPS: Synergy: Collaborative Research: Engineering Safety-Critical Cyber-Physical-Human Systems

CPS：协同：协作研究：工程安全关键网络物理人类系统

• 批准号: 1329870
• 负责人: Xiaofeng Wang
• 金额: $ 20.73万
• 依托单位: University of South Carolina at Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-10-01 至 2016-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1329870&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CPS; Synergy; Collaborative; Research; Engineering

This cross-disciplinary project brings together a team of engineering and computer science researchers to create, validate, and demonstrate the value of new techniques for ensuring that systems composed of combinations of hardware, software, and humans are designed to operate in a truly synergistic and safe fashion. One notable and increasingly common feature of these "Cyber-Physical-Human" (CPH) systems is that the responsibility for safe operation and performance is typically shared by increasingly sophisticated automation in the form of hardware and software, and humans who direct and oversee the behavior of automation yet may need to intervene to take over manual or shared system control when unexpected environmental situations or hardware or software failures occur. The ultimate goal is to achieve levels of safety and performance in system operation that exceed the levels attainable by either skilled human operators or completely autonomous systems acting alone. To do so, the research team will draw upon their expertise in the design of robust, fault-tolerant control systems, in the design of complexity-reduction architectures for software verification, and in human factors techniques for cognitive modeling to assure high levels of human situation awareness through effective interface design. By doing so, the safety, cost and performance benefits of increasingly sophisticated automation can be achieved without the frequently observed safety risks caused by automation creating greater distance between human operators and system operation. The techniques will be iteratively created and empirically evaluated using experimentation in human-in-the-loop simulations, including a medium-fidelity aircraft and flight simulator and a simulation of assistive automation in a medical context.More broadly, this research is expected to impact and inform the engineering of future CPH systems generally, for all industries and systems characterized by an increasing use of hardware and software automation directed and overseen by humans who provide an additional layer of safety in expected situations, Examples include highway and automotive automation, aerospace and air traffic control automation, semi-automated process control systems, and the many forms of automated systems and devices increasingly being used in medical contexts, such as the ICU and operating room. This research is also expected to inform government and industry efforts to provide safety certification criteria for the technologies used in CPH systems, and to educate a next generation of students trained in the cross-disciplinary skills and abilities needed to engineer the CPH systems of the future. The investigators will organize industry, academic, and government workshops to disseminate results and mentor students who are members of underrepresented groups through the course of this research project.

这个跨学科的项目汇集了一个工程和计算机科学研究人员团队，以创建，验证和证明新技术的价值，以确保由硬件，软件和人类组成的系统组成，旨在以一种真正的协同和安全的方式运行。这些“网络物理 - 人类”（CPH）系统的一个值得注意且越来越普遍的特征是，以硬件和软件的形式越来越复杂的自动化通常会共享安全操作和性能的责任，以及直接和监督自动化行为却可能需要介入时需要介入的人行为时，需要进行手动或共享系统控制时，就会接管意外的环境或软件。最终目标是在系统操作中达到安全性和性能水平，超过了熟练的人类操作员或仅起作用的完全自主系统可达到的水平。为此，研究团队将利用他们在稳健，容忍缺陷控制系统的设计方面的专业知识，用于软件验证的复杂性降低体系结构的设计以及认知建模的人为因素技术，以通过有效的界面设计来确保人类状况的高水平。通过这样做，可以实现越来越复杂的自动化的安全性，成本和绩效优势，而无需自动化引起的经常观察到的安全风险，从而在人类操作员和系统操作之间产生更大的距离。这些技术将在人类融合模拟中的实验进行迭代创建和经验评估，包括中型飞机和飞行模拟器，以及在医疗环境中对辅助自动化的模拟，这项研究更广泛地预期，预计该研究将影响并为未来的CPH系统提供其他工业和软件的范围，并为所有的工程和软件提供了超出范围，并为硬化的范围和软件提供了超出的自动化，并为硬化而过度使用，并为硬化而过度使用，并为硬化而过度使用，并为硬化而构成了无需范围，并且是在不断的情况下进行的。在预期的情况下，示例包括高速公路和汽车自动化，航空航天和空中交通管制自动化，半自动化过程控制系统以及在医疗环境（例如ICU和手术室）中越来越多地使用的多种形式自动化系统和设备。预计这项研究将为政府和行业的努力提供为CPH系统中使用的技术提供安全认证标准的努力，并教育接受培训的下一代学生，以培训以跨学科技能和能力来设计未来CPH系统所需的跨学科技能和能力。调查人员将在本研究项目的过程中组织行业，学术和政府研讨会，以传播成果，这些成员是代表性不足的群体的成员。