Dendroarchaeology of the Gallina

Gallina 的树木考古学

• 批准号: 1322579
• 负责人: Ronald Towner
• 金额: $ 14.53万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1322579&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dendroarchaeology; Gallina

With support of the National Science Foundation, Dr. Ronald H. Towner and students from the University of Arizona will conduct two seasons of research on the Gallina culture of northern New Mexico. The prehistoric Gallina have long been an enigma. Similar in many ways to other prehistoric Anasazi groups, the Gallina have been defined as a phase, and later, a separate culture. What is known is that the Gallina lived during a time of social and environmental changes that occurred across a broad area, but many questions about the Gallina remain unanswered in part because the Gallina chronologies have not been fully developed. Basic questions regarding Gallina population dynamics, settlement patterns, social organization, and adaptation to environmental change simply cannot be adequately addressed with the current chronological data. This project will remedy this situation for a key portion of the Gallina area. It will also contribute to our understanding of the effects of migration - not on migrants or host communities - but on communities along-the-path of migration streams.This project will significantly enhance understanding of the Gallina in specific and attainable ways. First, researchers will analyze more than two thousand tree-ring samples excavated from major Gallina sites in the 1970s, that were never submitted for analysis. These samples have now been transferred to the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research (LTRR) at the University of Arizona, where they will be analyzed and permanently curated As part of the tree-ring analysis, the team will develop internal site chronologies that will contribute to understanding Gallina social organization and demographics; they will also significantly enlarge the number of Christian-calendar dates and place the Gallina more firmly in time and space. Only one area map exists from earlier work, and it is woefully inadequate. The investigators will use modern Geographic Positioning Systems technology to map the previously excavated sites, and correlate them with the original field maps produced in the 1970s. Producing digital maps will significantly enhance current and future research efforts by providing detailed provenience information at the site, structure, and room level. Existing tree-ring reconstructions of precipitation will be used to elucidate aspects of precipitation variability during the Gallina occupation and relate that variability to Gallina social and demographic change. Finally, all previous and newly generated tree-ring dates from Gallina sites will be synthesized and all of data, except sensitive site locations, will be published on a website hosted by the LTRR. The broader impacts of the project will reach beyond the Gallina. The research will make important contributions toward understanding how and under what conditions various forms of social organization developed in the prehispanic Southwest. Models of such social formation processes will contribute to a broader understanding of human social organization during periods of demographic, climatic, and political stress. This project will result in significant advances in understanding Gallina cultural dynamics and social organization; it will illuminate important aspects of Gallina population dynamics, enhance anthropological theories of mixed-economy social organization, and augment our understanding of the impacts of migration on "intermediate" communities. The project will also contribute toward student training and development by employing both graduate and undergraduate students who will be involved in all phases of the project. It will also demonstrate the utility of existing collections that have been ignored for decades.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，罗纳德·H·汤纳（Ronald H. Towner）博士和亚利桑那大学的学生将在新墨西哥州北部的加尔纳文化文化上进行两个研究。史前的加利纳长期以来一直是一个谜。在许多方面，与其他史前的阿纳萨齐群体相似，加利纳被定义为一个阶段，后来是一种单独的文化。众所周知，加利纳（Gallina）生活在广泛地区发生的社会和环境变化时期，但有关加利纳（Gallina）的许多问题仍然没有得到答复，部分原因是加里纳（Gallina）的年表尚未得到充分发展。关于Gallina人口动态，定居模式，社会组织以及对环境变化的适应的基本问题根本无法通过当前的时间顺序数据充分解决。该项目将为加利纳地区的关键部分纠正这种情况。这也将有助于我们对移民的影响 - 不是对移民或寄宿社区的影响 - 而是对沿移民流的路径的社区的理解。该项目将以特定的和可实现的方式显着增强对加利纳的理解。 首先，研究人员将分析1970年代从主要加仑地点发掘的两千多棵树架样品，这些样本从未提交分析。这些样本现已转移到亚利桑那大学的树木环研究实验室（LTRR），在那里它们将被分析并作为树木环分析的一部分进行分析并永久策划，该团队将开发内部网站，这将有助于理解Gallina社会组织和人口统计学；他们还将大大扩大基督教 - 校长日期的数量，并更加牢固地将Gallina放置在时空。较早的工作中只有一个区域地图，这是不足的。研究人员将使用现代地理位置定位系统技术来绘制以前发掘的站点，并将其与1970年代生产的原始场图相关联。生产数字地图将通过在现场，结构和房间层提供详细的可靠信息，从而显着增强当前和未来的研究工作。现有的树木环重建将用于阐明加利纳职业期间降水可变性方面的各个方面，并将这种变异性与加利纳（Gallina）的社会和人口统计学变化联系起来。最后，将合成Gallina站点的所有以前和新生成的树木日期，除了敏感的站点位置以外的所有数据都将在LTRR托管的网站上发布。该项目的更广泛影响将超出加利纳。这项研究将为理解西南前卫星发展的各种社会组织的各种形式的社会组织如何以及在什么条件下做出重要贡献。这种社会形成过程的模型将有助于在人口，气候和政治压力时期对人类社会组织的广泛理解。该项目将在理解加利纳文化动态和社会组织方面取得重大进展。它将阐明Gallina人口动态的重要方面，增强混合经济社会组织的人类学理论，并增强我们对移民对“中级”社区影响的理解。该项目还将通过雇用将参与该项目的各个阶段的研究生和本科生来为学生培训和发展做出贡献。它还将证明数十年来一直被忽略的现有收藏的实用性。