RAPID: Liquefaction and its Effects on Buildings and Lifelines in the 2010-2011 Canterbury, New Zealand Earthquake Sequence

RAPID：2010-2011 年新西兰坎特伯雷地震序列中的液化及其对建筑物和生命线的影响

• 批准号: 1306261
• 负责人: Russell Green
• 金额: $ 10.19万
• 依托单位: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1306261&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Liquefaction; its; Effects; Buildings

This Grant for Rapid Response Research (RAPID) award provides funding to investigate liquefaction and its effects on buildings and lifelines in the 2010-2011 Canterbury, New Zealand earthquake sequence with the goal of capturing perishable data that would lead to the development of enhanced analytical procedures for evaluating the hazard holistically. The 2010-2011 Canterbury, New Zealand earthquake sequence started with the Mw7.0, 4 September 2010 Darfield earthquake that occurred to the west of Christchurch and included 3 events having ML =6.0 and 45 events having ML =5.0. Because of its close proximity to Christchurch and shallow depth of fault rupture, the Mw6.2, 22 February 2011 Christchurch earthquake was the most devastating event in the sequence, resulting in nearly 200 deaths and thousands of injuries, with widespread liquefaction and damage to the built environment. This earthquake sequence provides a unique opportunity to evaluate in considerable depth the effects of earthquake shaking of different intensities on the response of various soil profiles, and the effects of liquefaction on building foundations and critical lifeline systems. This research has three main thrusts: (1) re-occurrence of liquefaction; (2) building performance in areas of liquefaction; and (3) lifeline performance in areas of liquefaction-induced ground failure. Significant accomplishments were made in each of these areas in a previous RAPID effort. However, as is often the case in research, in performing the previous investigations additional significant, time-critical opportunities to advance the knowledge of geotechnical and lifeline earthquake engineering were identified. There is still much to learn from comparing the different levels of soil liquefaction caused by the earthquakes in this sequence and from evaluating the differing seismic performance of buildings, lifelines, and engineered systems during these events. It is extremely rare to have the opportunity to learn how the same ground and infrastructure responded to multiple earthquakes having different levels of shaking intensities. Furthermore, the magnitude and distances of the Darfield and Christchurch earthquakes are two of the scenarios often considered in US cities. Capturing details of lateral spreads and the impacts of liquefaction on well-built structures, such as office buildings and their interconnecting buried utilities, are critically important. Field reconnaissance will be focused on capturing perishable data and characterizing the soil profiles at select sites. This study will be coordinated through the GEER Association and performed in collaboration with the University of Canterbury (i.e., Professors Misko Cubrinovski, Brendon Bradley, and Mark Quigley) and the New Zealand government. This proposal requests the funding necessary for carefully documenting the perishable data in as much detail as possible. The broader impacts of this stem from documenting and learning from observations after design level earthquakes, which are invaluable to advancing the state-of-practice in earthquake engineering. Surveying the re-occurrence of liquefaction, documenting cases of liquefaction-induced ground movements, and evaluating the effects of liquefaction on buildings and lifelines advances fundamental understanding of earthquake effects and develops benchmarks for future analysis and design. The Darfield and Christchurch earthquakes, in particular, represent important earthquake scenarios for the U.S. Thus, there is a real need to document their geotechnical effects. Moreover, these earthquakes involve multi-hazard effects. The combined settlement caused by liquefaction during both earthquakes has exposed many Christchurch neighborhoods to increased threats from river and ocean flooding, including tsunami. Collection of data on liquefaction-induced ground movement will form the basis for flood risk assessment as well as earthquake vulnerability. The proposed study combines the efforts of several leading researchers to examine the effects of liquefaction holistically. The team also includes graduate students; this research will help develop their capabilities in earthquake engineering and allow them to establish research contacts in New Zealand. This award is co-funded by the Office of International Science and Engineering, East Asia and Pacific Program.

该快速响应研究的赠款（快速）奖提供了资金，以研究液化及其对建筑物和寿命的影响2010-2011坎特伯雷，新西兰地震序列，目的是捕获可腐烂的数据，这将导致增强的分析程序，以整体评估危害。 2010-2011新西兰坎特伯雷地震序列始于2010年9月4日的MW7.0，Darfield地震发生在基督城西部，其中包括3个事件，其中有ML = 6.0和45个事件，并具有ML = 5.0的事件。 由于其与基督城和断层破裂的浅深度相近，MW6.2，2011年2月22日，基督城地震是该序列中最具毁灭性的事件，造成了近200次死亡和数千人受伤，并带有广泛的液化和对建筑环境的损害。 这种地震序列提供了一个独特的机会，可以在很大程度上评估不同强度对各种土壤剖面响应的影响以及液化对建筑基础和关键寿命系统的影响。 这项研究具有三个主要推力：（1）液化的重新出现； （2）在液化区域建立绩效； （3）液化引起的地面故障区域的生命线性能。 在以前的迅速努力中，在每个领域中的每个领域都取得了重大成就。 但是，在研究中经常进行的情况下，在进行先前的调查时，还确定了促进岩土技术和生命线地震工程知识的额外重要的，关键时期的机会。 通过比较该序列中的地震引起的不同水平的土壤液化水平，以及评估这些事件期间建筑物，寿命和工程系统的不同地震性能。 有机会了解相同的地面和基础设施如何应对具有不同水平的震动强度的多种地震，这是极为罕见的。 此外，达菲尔德和基督城地震的大小和距离是美国城市经常考虑的两种情况。 捕获横向差的细节以及液化对精心设计的结构的影响，例如办公楼及其相互联系的掩埋公用事业，至关重要。现场侦察将集中于捕获可腐烂的数据并表征所选地点的土壤剖面。这项研究将通过Geer协会进行协调，并与坎特伯雷大学（即Misko Cubrinovski，Brendon Bradley和Mark Quigley教授）和新西兰政府合作。 该建议要求仔细记录尽可能详细的易腐烂数据所需的资金。该源于在设计水平地震后的观察结果中记录和学习的更广泛的影响，这对于促进地震工程中的实践效果是无价的。 调查液化的重新出现，记录液化引起的地面运动的案例，并评估液化对建筑物和生命线对地震效应的基本了解，并为未来的分析和设计开发基准。 尤其是Darfield和Christchurch地震代表了美国的重要地震场景，因此，确实需要记录其岩土技术的影响。 此外，这些地震涉及多危险的影响。 两次地震期间由液化引起的综合定居点使许多基督城社区暴露了包括海啸在内的河流和海洋洪水的威胁。 收集有关液化引起的地面运动的数据将构成洪水风险评估以及地震脆弱性的基础。 拟议的研究结合了几位主要研究人员在整体上检查液化作用的努力。 该团队还包括研究生；这项研究将有助于发展他们在地震工程中的能力，并允许他们在新西兰建立研究联系。 该奖项由东亚和太平洋计划国际科学与工程办公室共同资助。