RAPID: Liquefaction and its Effects on Buildings and Lifelines in the 2010-2011 Canterbury, New Zealand Earthquake Sequence

RAPID：2010-2011 年新西兰坎特伯雷地震序列中的液化及其对建筑物和生命线的影响

• 批准号: 1306261
• 负责人: Russell Green
• 金额: $ 10.19万
• 依托单位: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1306261&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Liquefaction; its; Effects; Buildings

This Grant for Rapid Response Research (RAPID) award provides funding to investigate liquefaction and its effects on buildings and lifelines in the 2010-2011 Canterbury, New Zealand earthquake sequence with the goal of capturing perishable data that would lead to the development of enhanced analytical procedures for evaluating the hazard holistically. The 2010-2011 Canterbury, New Zealand earthquake sequence started with the Mw7.0, 4 September 2010 Darfield earthquake that occurred to the west of Christchurch and included 3 events having ML =6.0 and 45 events having ML =5.0. Because of its close proximity to Christchurch and shallow depth of fault rupture, the Mw6.2, 22 February 2011 Christchurch earthquake was the most devastating event in the sequence, resulting in nearly 200 deaths and thousands of injuries, with widespread liquefaction and damage to the built environment. This earthquake sequence provides a unique opportunity to evaluate in considerable depth the effects of earthquake shaking of different intensities on the response of various soil profiles, and the effects of liquefaction on building foundations and critical lifeline systems. This research has three main thrusts: (1) re-occurrence of liquefaction; (2) building performance in areas of liquefaction; and (3) lifeline performance in areas of liquefaction-induced ground failure. Significant accomplishments were made in each of these areas in a previous RAPID effort. However, as is often the case in research, in performing the previous investigations additional significant, time-critical opportunities to advance the knowledge of geotechnical and lifeline earthquake engineering were identified. There is still much to learn from comparing the different levels of soil liquefaction caused by the earthquakes in this sequence and from evaluating the differing seismic performance of buildings, lifelines, and engineered systems during these events. It is extremely rare to have the opportunity to learn how the same ground and infrastructure responded to multiple earthquakes having different levels of shaking intensities. Furthermore, the magnitude and distances of the Darfield and Christchurch earthquakes are two of the scenarios often considered in US cities. Capturing details of lateral spreads and the impacts of liquefaction on well-built structures, such as office buildings and their interconnecting buried utilities, are critically important. Field reconnaissance will be focused on capturing perishable data and characterizing the soil profiles at select sites. This study will be coordinated through the GEER Association and performed in collaboration with the University of Canterbury (i.e., Professors Misko Cubrinovski, Brendon Bradley, and Mark Quigley) and the New Zealand government. This proposal requests the funding necessary for carefully documenting the perishable data in as much detail as possible. The broader impacts of this stem from documenting and learning from observations after design level earthquakes, which are invaluable to advancing the state-of-practice in earthquake engineering. Surveying the re-occurrence of liquefaction, documenting cases of liquefaction-induced ground movements, and evaluating the effects of liquefaction on buildings and lifelines advances fundamental understanding of earthquake effects and develops benchmarks for future analysis and design. The Darfield and Christchurch earthquakes, in particular, represent important earthquake scenarios for the U.S. Thus, there is a real need to document their geotechnical effects. Moreover, these earthquakes involve multi-hazard effects. The combined settlement caused by liquefaction during both earthquakes has exposed many Christchurch neighborhoods to increased threats from river and ocean flooding, including tsunami. Collection of data on liquefaction-induced ground movement will form the basis for flood risk assessment as well as earthquake vulnerability. The proposed study combines the efforts of several leading researchers to examine the effects of liquefaction holistically. The team also includes graduate students; this research will help develop their capabilities in earthquake engineering and allow them to establish research contacts in New Zealand. This award is co-funded by the Office of International Science and Engineering, East Asia and Pacific Program.

该快速响应研究补助金 (RAPID) 提供资金来调查 2010 年至 2011 年新西兰坎特伯雷地震序列中的液化及其对建筑物和生命线的影响，目的是捕获易腐烂的数据，从而开发增强的分析程序以便对危害进行全面评估。 2010-2011 年新西兰坎特伯雷地震序列始于 2010 年 9 月 4 日基督城西部发生的 Mw7.0 达菲尔德地震，包括 3 个 ML = 6.0 的事件和 45 个 ML = 5.0 的事件。 由于靠近基督城且断层破裂深度较浅，2011 年 2 月 22 日基督城发生的 Mw6.2 地震是该系列地震中最具破坏性的事件，造成近 200 人死亡和数千人受伤，大面积液化并损坏了房屋。建成环境。 该地震序列提供了一个独特的机会，可以相当深入地评估不同强度的地震震动对各种土壤剖面响应的影响，以及液化对建筑地基和关键生命线系统的影响。 这项研究有三个主旨：（1）液化的再现； (2) 液化区域的建筑性能； (3) 液化引起的地面故障区域的生命线性能。 在之前的 RAPID 努力中，每个领域都取得了重大成就。 然而，正如研究中经常出现的情况一样，在进行先前的调查时，发现了额外的重要的、时间紧迫的机会来推进岩土工程和生命线地震工程的知识。 通过比较该序列中地震引起的不同程度的土壤液化以及评估这些事件期间建筑物、生命线和工程系统的不同抗震性能，仍然有很多值得学习的地方。 有机会了解相同的地面和基础设施如何应对不同程度的震动强度的多次地震是极其罕见的。 此外，达菲尔德和基督城地震的震级和距离是美国城市经常考虑的两种情况。 捕获横向扩散的细节以及液化对建筑良好的结构（例如办公楼及其互连的埋地公用设施）的影响至关重要。实地勘察的重点是捕获易腐烂的数据并表征选定地点的土壤剖面。这项研究将通过 GEER 协会进行协调，并与坎特伯雷大学（即 Misko Cubrinovski、Brendon Bradley 和 Mark Quigley 教授）和新西兰政府合作进行。 该提案要求提供必要的资金，以便尽可能详细地仔细记录易腐烂的数据。其更广泛的影响源于设计级地震后的观察记录和学习，这对于推进地震工程的实践状态非常宝贵。 调查液化的再次发生、记录液化引起的地面运动的案例以及评估液化对建筑物和生命线的影响可以增进对地震影响的基本了解，并为未来的分析和设计制定基准。 尤其是达菲尔德地震和基督城地震，代表了美国的重要地震情景。因此，确实需要记录其岩土工程影响。 此外，这些地震还涉及多种灾害影响。 两次地震期间液化造成的综合沉降使基督城的许多社区面临着包括海啸在内的河流和海洋洪水的更大威胁。 液化引起的地面运动数据的收集将成为洪水风险评估和地震脆弱性的基础。 拟议的研究结合了几位领先研究人员的努力，从整体上研究液化的影响。 该团队还包括研究生；这项研究将有助于发展他们在地震工程方面的能力，并使他们能够在新西兰建立研究联系。 该奖项由国际科学与工程办公室东亚及太平洋项目共同资助。