Evolution of venom proteins in sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria)

海葵毒液蛋白的进化（刺胞动物门：珊瑚虫门：海葵门）

基本信息

批准号：
1257796
负责人：
Marymegan Daly
金额：
$ 45万
依托单位：
Ohio State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-03-01 至 2017-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1257796&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Evolution venom proteins sea anemones

项目摘要

The earliest occurrence of venom within the animal tree of life is in Cnidaria, the group that includes corals, sea anemones, and jellyfish. In cnidarians, venom is delivered via microscopic intracellular structures called nematocysts, and is implicated a broad array of physiological functions. The venom of sea anemones is more biochemically stable than that of other cnidarians, and broad-scale studies of its biochemistry and toxicology have shown remarkable diversity in venom proteins. Because the functional specialization of the sea anemone body depends largely on the distribution of nematocysts, the diversification of nematocysts and its venom have likely contributed to the diversification of these animals. Venom itself has been the target of evolutionary change in lineages in which former prey or predators like fish, crabs, or snail have evolved a symbiotic relationship. Venom mediates interactions between sea anemones and the rest of their communities: it defends them from predators, helps them gain prey, and is modified to support symbioses. Understanding the evolution of venom will impact our ability to predict the reactivity and function of venoms within the groups, but will also help us understand how interactions between organisms become codified in genes and how these genes change in response to changes in the organismal interactions.

动物生命树中最早出现毒液的是刺胞动物，该类群包括珊瑚、海葵和水母。在刺胞动物中，毒液通过称为刺丝囊的微观细胞内结构输送，并涉及广泛的生理功能。海葵的毒液比其他刺胞动物的毒液在生化上更加稳定，对其生物化学和毒理学的大规模研究表明毒液蛋白质具有显着的多样性。由于海葵身体的功能特化很大程度上取决于线虫囊的分布，因此线虫囊及其毒液的多样化可能促进了这些动物的多样化。毒液本身一直是谱系进化变化的目标，在这些谱系中，以前的猎物或捕食者如鱼、蟹或蜗牛已经进化出共生关系。毒液调节海葵与其群落其他成员之间的相互作用：它保护它们免受捕食者的侵害，帮助它们获得猎物，并被修改以支持共生。了解毒液的进化将影响我们预测群体内毒液的反应性和功能的能力，但也将帮助我们了解生物体之间的相互作用如何在基因中编码，以及这些基因如何随着生物体相互作用的变化而变化。