Collaborative Research: Sources and circulation of intermediate and deep waters and their role in Campanian-Maastrichtian global cooling

合作研究：中层水和深层水的来源和循环及其在坎帕尼亚-马斯特里赫特全球变冷中的作用

• 批准号: 1261586
• 负责人: Kenneth MacLeod
• 金额: $ 16.69万
• 依托单位: University of Missouri-Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-01 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1261586&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Sources; circulation; intermediate

The late Cretaceous period (83-66 Ma) saw an important climatic transition from the extreme warmth of the early Late Cretaceous to the cooler conditions of the Early Paleocene. Evidence from multiple ocean basins indicates that this transition was accompanied by major changes in ocean circulation. However, the nature of these oceanographic changes and their role in global cooling are the subject of debate. Some interpretations call for expansion of southern component water (SCW) through the global ocean, possibly causing widespread cooling through low-latitude upwelling of cold deep waters. Others suggest shifts in the dominance of regional sources of deep-water formation, including initiation of North Atlantic sources, leading to changes in intra-basinal heat transport and climate. This collaborative research, involving scientists from the University of Missouri-Columbia, the University of Florida, and the University of Michigan, seeks to resolve these controversies. Building on their earlier findings, the researchers will generate new geochemical proxy data from locations that will, in combination with existing data, constrain possible intermediate- and deep ocean sources and circulation modes. They will also evaluate the plausibility of paleoceanographic interpretations through climate model simulations, testing hypotheses regarding the effect of gateways and greenhouse gas concentrations on circulation patterns and deep convection and their links with global climate change. The results of this work will add to our knowledge about the relationship between ocean circulation and global climate change and, in this way, contribute to efforts to predict future climate change. In addition, the researchers will conduct specific activities that contribute to general education and the dissemination of scientific understanding, and the training and mentoring of young scientists including the following: (i) developing short videos to communicate the excitement and novelty of paleoceanographic research to the public, to be featured in displays at natural history museums at the researchers? home institutions, and posted on popular websites, (ii) training graduate students at each of the participating institutions, and (iii) disseminating results through publications, presentations at professional meetings, and by integrating research into lecture material, discussions, and classroom exercises for graduate and undergraduate students.

白垩纪晚期（83-66 mA）看到了从白垩纪晚期晚期的极端温暖到古代早期凉爽条件的重要气候过渡。来自多个海盆的证据表明，这种过渡伴随着海洋循环的重大变化。但是，这些海洋学变化的性质及其在全球冷却中的作用是辩论的主题。一些解释要求在全球海洋中扩大南部零部件水（SCW），可能会通过冷水的低纬度上升流动引起广泛的冷却。其他人则认为，深水形成区域来源的主导地位，包括北大西洋来源的启动，从而导致冬季热运输和气候变化。这项合作研究涉及密苏里州哥伦比亚大学，佛罗里达大学和密歇根大学的科学家，试图解决这些争议。在他们早期的发现的基础上，研究人员将从位置产生新的地球化学代理数据，这些数据将与现有数据结合使用，限制可能的中间和深海洋来源和循环模式。他们还将通过气候模型模拟来评估古文学解释的合理性，测试有关门户和温室气体浓度对循环模式和深层对流及其与全球气候变化的联系的假设。这项工作的结果将增加我们对海洋循环与全球气候变化之间关系的了解，并以这种方式有助于预测未来气候变化的努力。此外，研究人员还将开展特定的活动，这些活动有助于通识教育和传播科学理解，以及对年轻科学家的培训和指导，包括以下内容：（i）开发简短的视频，以向公众传达古环学研究的兴奋和新颖性，并在研究人员的自然历史博物馆中展示中，以表现出来？ （ii）在每个参与机构的培训研究生，以及（iii）通过出版物，专业会议上的演讲以及将研究材料的研究，讨论和课堂练习整合到研究生和本科生中的研究。