SusChEM: Controls on struvite neogenesis and reactivity in engineered and geochemical systems

SusChEM：工程和地球化学系统中鸟粪石新生和反应性的控制

• 批准号: 1251732
• 负责人: Ashaki Rouff
• 金额: $ 25.12万
• 依托单位: CUNY Queens College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-05-01 至 2015-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1251732&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SusChEM; Controls; struvite; neogenesis; reactivity

Technical DescriptionPhosphorus (P) can be recovered from human and agricultural wastes as the mineral struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O), which can be used as an alternative to traditional fertilizers. This project addresses the properties and reactivity of struvite when generated from different types of wastes, and as compared to geochemically produced struvite. The goal of the research is to elucidate the overarching conditions and parameters that dictate the physical and chemical properties of struvite, independent of source of neogenesis. Struvite will be precipitated from swine effluent, greenhouse wastewater, and Mono Lake water. The animal and plant wastes are commonly used in engineered systems for struvite recovery, and Mono Lake is a geochemical system with a historical occurrence of struvite. Model solutions, with deionized water as the solvent, will be used to determine the specific controls; i.e. pH, ionic strength, dissolved organics; on the resultant mineral properties. The sorption of trace contaminants such as metals, prevalent in starting solutions, will also be assessed. This is particularly critical because the impact of struvite properties on sorption processes has not been previously determined, and conversely the effect of sorbed impurities on the mineral structure and stability are not known. The research will implement several advanced and innovative techniques, including P XAFS, 31P NMR, 33P radiotracers and TG/DSC-FT-IR, which are transferable to the study of other phosphate minerals. Results from this research can be used to manipulate the properties of struvite in engineered systems, contingent upon waste composition and implemented conditions. The ability to better engineer struvite from wastes will advance the use of struvite fertilizers and encourage the sustainable use of P.Importance for SocietyThe human phosphorus (P) cycle is unsustainable. This is because P is a limited natural resource, the cycling of which is accelerated by human activity due to its use as fertilizer. With diminishing geologic P reserves, and an ever increasing global population, P lost in the human cycle needs to be recouped. This can be achieved by the recovery of P from human and agricultural wastes as the phosphate mineral struvite. The use of recovered struvite as an alternative fertilizer source will promote the sustainable use of P, conserve natural P resources, and limit the release of additional P sequestered in rocks to the human cycle. This project will provide an improved understanding of the physical and chemical properties of struvite when generated from a variety of sources, including animal and plant wastes. Results can be used to predict, and potentially control, the properties and contaminant content of recovered struvite based on wastewater composition and recovery conditions. This provides the security that struvite delivered to soils as fertilizer can function as required and does not pose a contamination risk, and thus an environmental liability to soils, agro-ecosystems and geochemical systems. Ultimately, the reuse of struvite recovered from wastes as a source of P will introduce sustainability to the human P cycle by providing an alternative, sustainable fertilizer to feed a growing global population.

技术描述磷（P）可以从人类和农业废物中回收为矿物鸟粪石（MgNH4PO4·6H2O），它可以用作传统肥料的替代品该项目解决了从不同类型的废物中产生的鸟粪石的特性和反应性。 ，并与地球化学生产的鸟粪石相比，该研究的目标是阐明决定鸟粪石物理和化学性质的总体条件和参数，与来源无关。鸟粪石将从猪废水、温室废水和莫诺湖水中沉淀出来。动物和植物废物通常用于鸟粪石回收工程系统，莫诺湖是一个历史上存在鸟粪石模型解决方案的地球化学系统。以去离子水为溶剂，将用于确定具体的控制；即pH、离子强度、溶解的有机物对所产生的微量污染物的吸附。也将评估起始溶液中普遍存在的金属等物质，这一点尤其重要，因为先前尚未确定鸟粪石性质对吸附过程的影响，相反，吸附的杂质对矿物结构和稳定性的影响尚不清楚。该研究将采用多项先进的创新技术，包括 P XAFS、31P NMR、33P 放射性示踪剂和 TG/DSC-FT-IR，这些技术可应用于其他磷酸盐矿物的研究。这项研究可用于控制工程系统中鸟粪石的特性，具体取决于废物成分和实施条件。更好地从废物中改造鸟粪石的能力将促进鸟粪石肥料的使用，并鼓励 P 的可持续使用。对社会的重要性人类。磷（P）循环是不可持续的，因为磷是一种有限的自然资源，由于其用作肥料，人类活动加速了磷的循环，随着地质磷储量的减少和全球人口的不断增加，人类循环中损失的磷需要通过从人类和农业废物中回收磷来实现，使用回收的鸟粪石作为替代肥料来源将促进磷的可持续利用，节约磷。天然磷资源，并限制岩石中截存的额外磷向人类循环的释放。该项目将加深对各种来源（包括动物和植物废物）产生的鸟粪石的物理和化学性质的了解。习惯于根据废水成分和回收条件预测并可能控制回收的鸟粪石的性质和污染物含量，这保证了鸟粪石作为肥料可以按要求发挥作用，并且不会造成污染风险，从而不会造成环境责任。最终，将从废物中回收的鸟粪石作为磷的来源进行再利用，通过提供替代的可持续肥料来养活不断增长的全球人口，从而为人类磷循环带来可持续性。