CAREER: End-of-life material flows from emerging lithium-ion battery systems

职业：新兴锂离子电池系统的报废材料流

基本信息

批准号：
1254688
负责人：
Callie Babbitt
金额：
$ 40.04万
依托单位：
Rochester Institute of Tech
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-07-01 至 2020-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1254688&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CAREER End life material flows

项目摘要

1254688 (Babbitt) This project will quantify and characterize projected end-of-life (EOL) flows and attendant resource implications associated with deployment of lithium-ion batteries required for broad adoption of electric vehicles. While these batteries are a promising energy storage solution, their potential environmental tradeoffs are not well characterized. Recent work has focused on supply side issues, such as lithium availability, but key uncertainties surround the emergence and management of these batteries in the waste stream and the ability of domestic recycling infrastructure to recover scarce and valuable materials from a highly variable mix of discarded batteries. A proactive approach is required to prevent potential impacts of EOL battery generation and management. This project will generate a comprehensive assessment of EOL battery flows and material recovery potential, and to do so, will combine novel industrial ecology models with empirical approaches. The integrated research and education plan will address four challenges: (1) The volume and rate that lithium-ion batteries will reach the waste stream are unknown and not easily estimated with existing industrial ecology methods like material flow analysis (MFA), due to the "mismatch" between life spans of batteries and vehicles in which they are used. This project will adapt age-structured population models from biological ecology to create a "mixed lifespan material flow model" to forecast future waste flows of lithium-ion batteries; (2) Implementing this model is dependent on estimates of battery and vehicle life spans and future adoption rates, which are not fully characterized. Surveys, scenario modeling, and empirical methods will be used to parameterize the MFA and create fundamental data that can inform future study on batteries and sustainability; (3) The extent to which critical minerals and other valuable metals can be recovered to the global supply chain through battery recycling is unknown. This project will combine material flow results with empirical characterization of EOL battery material content and an assessment of domestic lithium-ion battery recycling capacity. This "reverse supply chain" will be evaluated against estimates of material demand required for battery adoption; (4) Systems-level sustainability considerations are often absent when new technology is developed. An integrated education program on "Life Cycle Thinking for Energy Storage Systems" will be built from research findings and shared with key stakeholders. The approach and industrial ecology models applied here provide insight to EOL batteries, but are translatable to other sectors (e.g., renewable energy systems). Research will be integrated into educational modules developed for a series of summer enrichment programs aimed at engaging K-12 students, primarily from underrepresented groups, in battery and sustainability research and inspiring them to pursue a sustainable engineering career.

1254688（BABBITT）该项目将量化和表征预计的寿命终止（EOL）流量以及与部署广泛采用电动汽车所需的锂离子电池有关的资源影响。尽管这些电池是一种有前途的储能解决方案，但它们的潜在环境折衷尚未得到很好的特征。最近的工作集中在供应方面的问题上，例如锂的可用性，但是关键的不确定性围绕着废物流中这些电池的出现和管理，以及家庭回收基础设施从高度可变的丢弃电池组合中收回稀缺和有价值的材料的能力。需要一种积极的方法来防止EOL电池生成和管理的潜在影响。该项目将对EOL电池流和材料回收潜力进行全面评估，并这样做，将新颖的工业生态模型与经验方法相结合。综合研究和教育计划将解决四个挑战：（1）由于现有的工业生态学方法（例如材料流量分析（MFA）），锂离子电池将到达废物流的数量和速度是未知的，并且不容易估算，这是由于电池和使用它们所在的电池和车辆之间的“不匹配”。该项目将使年龄结构化的人群模型从生物生态学中调整，以创建“混合寿命材料流模型”，以预测锂离子电池的未来废物流。（2）实施此模型取决于电池和车辆寿命的估计以及未充分表征的未来采用率。调查，场景建模和经验方法将用于参数化MFA并创建可以为未来的电池和可持续性研究提供信息的基本数据；（3）尚不清楚通过电池回收将关键的矿物质和其他有价值的金属回收到全球供应链的程度。该项目将将材料流量结果与EOL电池材料含量的经验表征和对国内锂离子电池回收能力的评估相结合。该“反向供应链”将根据采用电池所需的材料需求的估计进行评估；（4）在开发新技术时，通常不存在系统级可持续性考虑。关于“能源存储系统的生命周期思维”的综合教育计划将由研究发现建立，并与主要利益相关者共享。此处采用的方法和工业生态模型为EOL电池提供了洞察力，但可以翻译成其他部门（例如可再生能源系统）。研究将纳入为一系列夏季丰富计划开发的教育模块，旨在吸引K-12学生，主要来自代表性不足的团体，参与电池和可持续性研究，并启发他们从事可持续的工程职业。