Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Archaeology of the Norte Chico Site

博士论文研究：北奇科遗址的考古学

• 批准号: 1249577
• 负责人: Jonathan Haas
• 金额: $ 2.21万
• 依托单位: Field Museum of Natural History
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-12-15 至 2013-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1249577&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Archaeology; Norte

Under the guidance of Dr. Jonathan Haas, Matthew Piscitelli will excavate a series of small-scale temples at the Late Archaic (3,000-1,800 B.C.) site of Huaricanga in the Fortaleza Valley, Peru to explore variation in religious practices in the evolving complex polities on the Peruvian coast. The study of ancient religions presents unique challenges to the archaeologist. In the absence of writing, religious ideas tend to be expressed only indirectly and symbolically. Those indirect and symbolic manifestations of religion can also be difficult, even impossible to accurately interpret. However, in the emergence of the earliest complex societies in Andean South America, the ceremonial behavior associated with religion is broadly manifested in two very different architectural complexes: monumental, public platform mounds and associated circular courts and much smaller scale, private temple complexes. During the Late Archaic Period, the first sedentary agricultural communities developed along the north central coast of Peru, where inhabitants constructed the earliest monumental architecture in the New World. In addition, recent preliminary excavations at Huaricanga suggest the presence of much smaller scale temple structures that bear many similarities to a particular type of ceremonial architecture found exclusively in the Andean highlands known as Mito temples. The presence of a Mito temple on the coast would challenge a 40-year-old understanding of the Mito Tradition and its associated rituals. Mr. Piscitelli will apply innovative techniques such as pollen analysis, micromorphology, and X-Ray Fluorescence to reconstruct ancient ritual practices. Furthermore, this project's thorough radiocarbon dating program will situate these small-scale temples at Huaricanga within a regional chronological context. This research will clarify cultural connections between coastal and highland Peru during the Late Archaic Period by looking at the nature and chronology of possible Mito temples on the coast. Such comparisons will explore an instance of ancient social interaction on a regional scale within the context of the prehistoric Andes. The data collected from this fieldwork will also enhance understanding of ceremonial activities beyond the large platform mounds and sunken circular courts that have previously garnered much attention. In addition, this research will test models concerning the development of social inequality within emergent complex polities. Through a better understanding of ritual practices we can investigate how early leaders negotiated the social milieu through ritual performance and, as a result, we can develop theoretical models relating religion and society. The project will have a positive impact on the community surrounding Huaricanga. Team members will distribute written information to the town such as site maps and annual reports published in Spanish. The project is expected to yield employment opportunities for the local community since workmen will be hired to assist in excavation and the initial processing of artifacts. "Community" days at the site and school tours will stimulate interest in the local cultural heritage and raise awareness about contemporary issues that are particularly salient in Peru such as looting. The project will also continue the tradition of strong collaboration between Peruvian and American scholars. In addition, thesis and publication opportunities will also be available to project members and collaborators while the research will allow Mr. Piscitelli to fulfill the requirements of his Ph.D. dissertation.

在乔纳森·哈斯 (Jonathan Haas) 博士的指导下，马修·皮西泰利 (Matthew Piscitelli) 将在秘鲁福塔雷萨山谷的瓦里坎加晚期古风（公元前 3,000-1,800 年）遗址挖掘一系列小型寺庙，以探索不断发展的复杂政体中宗教习俗的变化在秘鲁海岸。 对古代宗教的研究给考古学家带来了独特的挑战。 在没有文字的情况下，宗教观念往往只能间接地、象征性地表达出来。 宗教的那些间接和象征性的表现也可能很难，甚至不可能准确地解释。 然而，在南美洲安第斯山脉最早的复杂社会的出现中，与宗教相关的仪式行为广泛地体现在两个截然不同的建筑群中：纪念性的公共平台土丘和相关的圆形庭院以及规模小得多的私人寺庙群。 在古风晚期，第一个定居的农业社区沿着秘鲁中北部海岸发展起来，那里的居民建造了新世界最早的纪念性建筑。 此外，瓦里坎加最近的初步发掘表明，存在规模小得多的寺庙结构，这些结构与仅在安第斯高地发现的一种特殊类型的仪式建筑（称为水户寺庙）有许多相似之处。 海岸上一座水户寺庙的存在将挑战 40 年来对水户传统及其相关仪式的理解。 Piscitelli 先生将应用花粉分析、微形态学和 X 射线荧光等创新技术来重建古代仪式实践。此外，该项目彻底的放射性碳测年计划将把瓦里坎加的这些小型寺庙置于区域年代背景中。 这项研究将通过研究沿海可能存在的水户寺庙的性质和年代，阐明古风时期晚期秘鲁沿海和高地之间的文化联系。 这种比较将探索史前安第斯山脉背景下区域范围内古代社会互动的实例。 从这次实地调查中收集的数据还将增强对先前引起广泛关注的大型平台土墩和下沉圆形庭院之外的仪式活动的了解。 此外，这项研究还将测试有关新兴复杂政体中社会不平等发展的模型。 通过更好地理解仪式实践，我们可以研究早期领导人如何通过仪式表演来适应社会环境，从而开发出有关宗教和社会的理论模型。该项目将对瓦里坎加周边社区产生积极影响。 团队成员将向该镇分发书面信息，例如用西班牙语发布的站点地图和年度报告。 该项目预计将为当地社区带来就业机会，因为将雇用工人协助挖掘和初步处理文物。 现场的“社区”日和学校参观将激发人们对当地文化遗产的兴趣，并提高对秘鲁特别突出的当代问题（例如抢劫）的认识。 该项目还将延续秘鲁和美国学者之间强有力合作的传统。 此外，项目成员和合作者还将获得论文和发表的机会，而研究将使 Piscitelli 先生满足其博士学位的要求。论文。