Collaborative Research: Pteropod Swimming Behavior as a Bio Assay for Ocean Acidification

合作研究：翼足类动物游泳行为作为海洋酸化的生物测定

• 批准号: 1246317
• 负责人: Rajat Mittal
• 金额: $ 24.49万
• 依托单位: Johns Hopkins University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-01 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1246317&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Pteropod; Swimming; Behavior

Ocean acidification (OA) poses a serious threat, particularly to organisms that precipitate calcium carbonate from seawater. One organism with an aragonite shell that is a key to high latitude ecosystems is the pteropod. With OA, the pteropod shell will thin because the aragonite is highly soluble. As the shell thins, it changes the mass distribution and buoyancy of the animal, which will affect locomotion and through it, all locomotion dependent behavior such as foraging, mating, predator avoidance and migratory patterns. A lower shell weight will be counterbalanced by a smaller mucus web potentially decreasing ingestion rates and carbon flux rates. This interdisciplinary research relies on biological studies of swimming behavior of the pteropod mollusk Limacina helicina in their natural environments with fluid mechanics analyses of swimming hydrodynamics via 3D tomographic particle-image velocimetry and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This work will: (a) determine how the L. helicina uses its 'wings' (parapodia) to propel itself; (b) examine whether its locomotory kinematics provide efficient propulsion; (c) identify the factors that influence swimming trajectory and 'wobble'; and (d) synthesize all data and insights into guidelines for the potential use of pteropod swimming behavior as a bioassay for OA.The loss of these sentinels of anthropogenic increases in CO2 may result in an ecological shift since thecosome pteropods are responsible for ingesting nearly half the primary production in the Southern Ocean and also serve as a primary food resource to upper trophic levels like fish. Since locomotory data can be gathered immediately, the bioassay being developed in this proposal may serve as an early warning of the impending onset of OA effects on this important member of the plankton. Students and researchers will collaborate in a rich interdisciplinary research environment by working with a biological oceanographer, a fluid mechanics expert and a CFD expert coupled with the teamsmanship needed for work in the Antarctic. By setting up a one-of-a-kind 3D tomography system for visualizing flow around planktonic organisms in Norway and at Palmer Station, we increase international exchange of state-of-the-art techniques. The educational impact of the current research will be multiplied by including in the research team, undergraduate students, high-school students and underrepresented minorities in addition to graduate students.

海洋酸化（OA）构成了严重的威胁，特别是对从海水中沉淀碳酸钙的生物。一种带有高纬度生态系统关键的后壳的生物是翼展。使用OA，翼龙壳会变薄，因为后者是高度溶的。随着壳刺的变化，它会改变动物的质量分布和浮力，这将影响运动，并通过它，所有运动依赖性行为，例如觅食，交配，捕食者避免和迁移模式。较小的粘液网络可能会降低摄入率和碳通量速率，从而平衡较低的壳重量。这项跨学科的研究依赖于对自然环境中pteropod mollusk limacina helicina在自然环境中的游泳行为的生物学研究，并通过3D层析成像粒子图像速率和计算流体动力学（CFD）对游泳流体动力学的流体力学分析进行了分析。这项工作将：（a）确定Helicina L. Helicina如何使用其“翅膀”（parapodia）推动自己推动自己； （b）检查其运动运动学是否提供有效的推进； （c）确定影响游泳轨迹和“摆动”的因素； （d）将所有数据和洞察力综合到潜在使用翼型游泳行为作为OA的生物测定的准则中。由于近二氧化碳增加这些哨兵的损失可能会导致生态转变，因为thecosom pteropods造成了近一半的生产。由于可以立即收集机车数据，因此在该提案中开发的生物测定法可能是对OA对浮游生物这一重要成员的影响即将发作的预警。学生和研究人员将通过与生物海洋学家，流体力学专家和CFD专家以及南极工作所需的团队技巧合作，在丰富的跨学科研究环境中合作。通过建立一种独一无二的3D断层扫描系统，用于可视化挪威和帕尔默站周围的浮游生物周围的流量，我们增加了国际最先进技术的交流。当前研究的教育影响将乘以研究团队，本科生，高中生和代表性不足的少数群体。