Collaborative Research: Thermal Controls on Ecosystem Metabolism and Function: Scaling from Leaves to Canopies to Regions

合作研究：生态系统代谢和功能的热控制：从叶子到冠层再到区域

• 批准号: 1241531
• 负责人: Dar Roberts
• 金额: $ 25.52万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-02-15 至 2016-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1241531&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Thermal; Controls; Ecosystem

Temperature exerts a primary environmental control on biological systems and processes at a range of scales in space and time. Its influence is fundamental, ranging from controls on the reaction rates of enzymes, ecosystem biogeochemical reactions, and large-scale distributions of plant and animal species. Temperature is also a fundamental characteristic of climate. Indeed, much of the concern about the impact of climate warming is motivated by the pervasive influence of temperature on organisms. Although most focus is usually on air temperature, the skin temperature of an organism, such as a plant, is actually more relevant in many cases. However, until now measurements of organismal temperature using thermal images taken from some distance away have been challenging because of sensor and computational limitations. This research project addresses this gap in understanding through three goals: (1) to assess the use of thermal imaging measurements for ecological and agricultural studies, such as monitoring the response of plant canopies to heat and drought stress; (2) to demonstrate the continuous deployment of robust thermal cameras for continuous canopy imaging for a range of ecosystems; and (3) to develop scaling algorithms to relate sparse measurements at individual canopy sites to the patterns observed at regional scales by sensors on aircraft and satellites. The work will combine temperature observations at a range of spatial resolutions with synthesis activities in an innovative manner. The results will enhance our understanding of how ecosystem structure and function are related to skin temperature patterns. This project will introduce new technology and infrastructure for long-term thermal data collection that could have a large impact on our understanding of ecological functioning across multiple scales. It will combine the diverse interdisciplinary expertise of researchers at different stages in their careers in fields including plant physiology, remote sensing, biogeography, and statistics. Results will directly inform questions concerning the link between leaf temperatures and carbon assimilation by ecosystems and the response of natural and agricultural ecosystems to drought stress. It will address scaling of properties and processes related to temperature, as is required for predicting responses to climate change. Particular focus will be on the responses of ecosystems to drought and heat waves. More tangible outcomes will be advances in understanding of plant-temperature interactions in natural and managed ecosystems, as well as the establishment of canopy thermal imaging equipment at three long-term monitoring sites. Finally, this project will integrate research and teaching through the training of post-doctoral researchers, mentoring of undergraduate students, and development of laboratory modules based on the concepts and data generated by this project for undergraduate and graduate courses in geography, earth science, ecology, and environmental science.

温度在时空的一系列尺度上对生物系统和过程进行主要的环境控制。它的影响是基本的，从对酶的反应速率，生态系统生物地球化学反应以及动植物物种的大规模分布的控制范围。温度也是气候的基本特征。实际上，温度对生物体的普遍影响激发了对气候变暖影响的许多关注。尽管大多数重点通常是在空气温度上，但是在许多情况下，有机体的皮肤温度（例如植物）实际上更为相关。但是，由于传感器和计算局限性，使用从一定距离拍摄的热图像对有机温度的测量一直具有挑战性。这项研究项目通过三个目标解决了这一差距：（1）评估对生态和农业研究的热成像测量的使用，例如监测植物檐篷对热和干旱压力的反应； （2）证明在一系列生态系统的连续冠层成像中连续部署强大的热摄像头； （3）开发缩放算法以将单个冠层位点的稀疏测量与通过飞机和卫星上的传感器在区域尺度上观察到的模式相关联。这项工作将以创新的方式将温度观测与一系列空间分辨率和合成活动相结合。结果将增强我们对生态系统结构和功能如何与皮肤温度模式相关的理解。该项目将为长期热数据收集带来新的技术和基础架构，这可能会对我们对多个尺度的生态功能的理解产生很大的影响。 它将结合研究人员在植物生理学，遥感，生物地理和统计等领域的不同阶段的研究人员的多样化跨学科专业知识。结果将直接告知有关叶片温度与生态系统碳同化以及自然和农业生态系统对干旱压力的反应的问题。它将解决与温度相关的属性和过程的缩放，这是预测对气候变化的反应所必需的。特别的重点将放在生态系统对干旱和热浪的反应上。更明显的结果将是了解自然和托管生态系统中植物温度相互作用，以及在三个长期监测站点上建立冠层热成像设备的进步。最后，该项目将通过对博士后研究人员的培训，指导本科生的指导以及基于该项目为本科和研究生课程产生的概念和数据开发实验室模块来整合研究和教学。