TWC: Medium: Collaborative: Towards Securing Coupled Financial and Power Systems in the Next Generation Smart Grid

TWC：中：协作：确保下一代智能电网中耦合金融和电力系统的安全

• 批准号: 1228717
• 负责人: George Kesidis
• 金额: $ 34.74万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1228717&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: TWC; Medium; Collaborative; Towards; Securing

For nearly 40 years, the United States has faced a critical problem: increasing demand for energy has outstripped the ability of the systems and markets that supply power. Today, a variety of promising new technologies offer a solution to this problem. Clean, renewable power generation, such as solar and wind are increasingly available. Hybrid and plug-in electric vehicles offer greater energy efficiency in transportation. The power grid that manages the generation, transmission and distribution of electric power, however, was designed and constructed in the 1960?s and is ill-suited to handle these emerging energy technologies. Operating the electrical grid using power sources with random and uncertain availability, like solar and wind, requires new sensing and control methods. Widespread use of plug-in/hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) will not only require far greater power capacity, but will also radically change the peak usage profile, with large evening demand that cannot be shifted. To address this problem, our current power grid must be upgraded with a control system that uses the full power of modern sensor and computing technology to increase efficiency. This new power grid, with an integrated, modern IT control plane is commonly referred to as the Smart Grid, which uses distributed control, customer integration and market based control mechanisms. It is critical to build security features into this Smart Grid from the beginning to ensure fairness, to provide warnings of misuse, to provide control algorithms that minimize damage from malicious behavior, and most importantly, to provide robustness and high-availability of power delivery even in the presence of bad-faith actors. This project develops methods to achieve security in power and market delivery. This entails a study of economic market models with stability as one objective but also in consideration of new sources of power and usage, both on the producer and the consumer sides. To achieve security, the following techniques are used synergistically: vulnerability discovery by formal analysis; on-line monitoring, anomaly and specification-based intrusion detection; and recovery and reconstitution by feedback control. Unique to this project, it is emphasized that the security enhancements take place at both the market level and the system level, requiring separate state-estimation models. These seemingly disparate domains are unified through mapping functions among the states of the respective models. By integrating the two control models, future Smart Grids can detect and respond to activity, either malicious or caused by natural disturbances, that threaten either level; the unification of the models permits the investigation of attacks that possibly impact both levels. Results of this work would lead to a secure and reliable Smart Grid architecture that is robust in the face of attacks on both the power delivery and market control systems. The inherent cross-disciplinary nature of the research will educate future researchers to be conversant in both cyber-security and associated economic issues, through co-advising between the departments of Computer Science and Economics at both UC Davis and Pennsylvania State University and through course modules developed under this work, again involving both campuses. Results will be transitioned to partnership with PG&E, SMUD, the West Davis Village, and other utilities in California, Pennsylvania, and Connecticut.

在近40年的时间里，美国一直面临一个关键问题：对能源的需求不断增长，超过了提供动力的系统和市场的能力。如今，各种有希望的新技术为这个问题提供了解决方案。越来越多地可用清洁，可再生的发电，例如太阳能和风。混合动力和插件电动汽车在运输方面提供了更大的能源效率。但是，管理电力的发电，传输和分布的电网是在1960年代设计和构建的，并且不适合处理这些新兴的能源技术。使用随机和不确定的电源（例如太阳能和风）操作电网需要新的感应和控制方法。广泛使用插件/混合动力电动汽车（PHEV）不仅需要更大的功率容量，而且还将从根本上改变峰值使用率，而夜间需求却无法移动。为了解决这个问题，我们当前的电网必须通过控制系统升级，该控制系统使用现代传感器和计算技术的全部功能来提高效率。这个具有集成的现代IT控制平面的新电网通常称为智能电网，它使用分布式控制，客户集成和基于市场的控制机制。从一开始就将安全功能构建到这个智能电网中至关重要，以确保公平，提供滥用的警告，提供控制算法，以最大程度地减少恶意行为的损害，最重要的是，即使在有坏心灵的演员的情况下，也提供了稳健性和高可用性。该项目开发了实现电力和市场交付安全性的方法。这需要对具有稳定性的经济市场模型进行研究，这是一个目标，但也考虑到生产商和消费者方面的新电力和用法来源。为了实现安全性，通过正式分析来协同使用以下技术：漏洞发现；在线监测，基于异常和基于规范的入侵检测；以及通过反馈控制恢复和重建。 在该项目中，强调的是，安全性增强功能在市场级别和系统级别都进行，需要单独的州估计模型。这些看似不同的域是通过在各个模型状态之间映射函数来统一的。通过整合两个控制模型，未来的智能电网可以检测并响应恶意或由自然干扰引起的活动，这威胁到任何水平。模型的统一允许对可能影响这两个级别的攻击进行调查。这项工作的结果将导致安全可靠的智能网格体系结构，面对对电力输送和市场控制系统的攻击，这是强大的。这项研究的固有跨学科性质将教育未来的研究人员在网络安全和相关的经济问题上，通过在加州大学戴维斯分校和宾夕法尼亚州立大学的计算机科学与经济学部门之间共同审核，并通过这项工作在这项工作下开发的课程模块，再次参与了校园。 结果将过渡到与PG＆E，SMUD，West Davis村以及加利福尼亚，宾夕法尼亚州和康涅狄格州的其他公用事业的合作伙伴关系。