Landslide dynamics from seismic wave inversion, satellite remote sensing, and numerical modeling

来自地震波反演、卫星遥感和数值模拟的滑坡动力学

• 批准号: 1227083
• 负责人: Goran Ekstrom
• 金额: $ 41.8万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1227083&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Landslide; dynamics; seismic; wave; inversion; Landslide; dynamics; seismic; wave; inversion

This project is focused on developing and applying new methods to investigate the dynamics of catastrophic landslides. The dynamic motion of large and fast landslides is poorly understood for two main reasons: (1) the physics of rock sliding, breaking, and flowing as a granular mass is very complex, and (2) there is a nearly complete lack of direct observations and measurements of the speed and evolution of large landslides. The project will use a new method to determine the movement of landslides through interpretation of the seismic waves that are generated as the rock accelerates and slows down along its paths of sliding. Such waves are routinely recorded on global and regional seismographic networks as a consequence of large landslides and the signals can now be interpreted using methods modified from those used to study large earthquakes.The seismic analysis will be combined with interpretation and analysis of before-and-after satellite imagery that provides complementary information on the motion of the landslide, and numerical modeling of landslide motion over realistic topography. The combined analysis will lead to detailed descriptions of many recent catastrophic landslides, and new insights into the forces and processes involved.An outcome of the project is a tool to detect and quantify catastrophic landslides remotely and in near-real time. Communities engaged in natural-hazards mitigation and disaster management will find such a tool valuable, notably in cases where massive slope failures strike in remote areas or under conditions where communications are severely compromised. The collection of detailed descriptions of historical landslides that will result from the project will be of interest to a wide range of science and engineering communities concerned with slope instability.

该项目的重点是开发和应用新方法来研究灾难性滑坡的动态。大而快速滑坡的动态运动知之甚少，原因有两个：（1）岩石滑动，断裂和作为颗粒状质量的物理学非常复杂，（2）几乎完全缺乏直接观察到的直接观察，并测量了大型陆地滑坡的速度和进化。该项目将使用一种新方法来通过解释地震波来确定滑坡的运动，而地震波则会随着岩石的加速并沿着滑动路径而慢。由于大型滑坡的结果，这种波浪通常在全球和区域地震网络上记录在全球和区域地震网络上，现在可以使用用于研究大地震的方法来解释信号。地震分析将与前后卫星成像的解释和分析相结合，这些卫星图像提供了有关陆上层和数字模型的运动的互补信息。结合分析将导致对许多最近的灾难性滑坡的详细描述，并对所涉及的力量和过程的新见解。从事自然危害和灾难管理的社区将发现这种工具很有价值，尤其是在偏远地区发生巨大斜坡故障袭击的情况下，或在严重损害通信的情况下。该项目将产生的历史滑坡的详细描述将引起与坡度不稳定有关的广泛科学和工程社区的关注。