Ocean Acidification: The Influence of Ocean Acidification and Rising Temperature on Phytoplankton Proteome Composition

海洋酸化：海洋酸化和温度升高对浮游植物蛋白质组组成的影响

• 批准号: 1220484
• 负责人: Mak Saito
• 金额: $ 69.75万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-15 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1220484&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Ocean; Acidification; Influence; Rising; Temperature

In recent years, a number of studies have demonstrated significant impacts of ocean acidification on the physiology of marine phytoplankton. While the most well-known are studies that have focused on calcifying organisms, there have also been studies on noncalcifying phytoplankton, such as marine cyanobacteria and diatoms. Three particularly notable observations include: 1) increased growth and nitrogen fixation rates with acidification in marine nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria, 2) differences in response between the two most abundant marine cyanobacteria groups, Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus, where the growth of the latter responded positively to the acidification while the former did not, and 3) an increased level of iron stress in marine diatoms and a coccolithophore due to decreased iron availability upon lowered pH and the resultant shift in complexation chemistry. Together these suggest that ocean acidification has the potential for causing large shifts in: phytoplankton community composition, the sensitivity of this community to iron availability, and the marine nitrogen biogeochemical cycle. In this project, a research team at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution will investigate physiological mechanisms set into motion by the environmental stimuli associated with ocean acidification by quantifying changes in the proteome of four marine phytoplankton species: the abundant cyanobacteria Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus, the key nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium Crocosphaera, and an Antarctic diatom Nitzschia sp., in response to ocean acidification. In recent years, the team has adapted and developed quantitative proteomic capabilities for marine microbes using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry systems. The approach has become virtually routine and could be applied to a variety of problems related to ocean acidification. In addition, because of the climatic link between ocean acidification and global warming, the synergistic influences of increasing temperature will also be studied.Broader Impacts: This proposed study will provide mechanistic information about how the processes of ocean acidification and warming influence marine phytoplankton. In addition, a Postdoctoral Investigator and Graduate Student will be trained and supported. The project will also feature an outreach program to expose summer minority students from New Bedford, Massachusetts to oceanography and environmental science in partnership with the Eagle Eye Institute and Trustees of the Reservations.

近年来，大量研究表明海洋酸化对海洋浮游植物生理产生重大影响。虽然最著名的是针对钙化生物的研究，但也有针对非钙化浮游植物的研究，例如海洋蓝藻和硅藻。三个特别值得注意的观察结果包括：1）随着海洋固氮蓝藻的酸化，生长和固氮速率增加；2）两个最丰富的海洋蓝藻群原绿球藻和聚球藻之间的反应存在差异，其中后者的生长对酸化反应呈正向反应。酸化，而前者则没有；3）海洋硅藻和颗石藻中的铁胁迫水平增加，因为 pH 值降低时铁的利用率降低，从而导致铁的变化络合化学。总之，这些表明海洋酸化有可能引起以下方面的巨大变化：浮游植物群落组成、该群落对铁可用性的敏感性以及海洋氮生物地球化学循环。在该项目中，伍兹霍尔海洋研究所的一个研究小组将通过量化四种海洋浮游植物的蛋白质组变化来研究与海洋酸化相关的环境刺激所引发的生理机制：丰富的蓝藻聚球藻和原绿球藻，它们是关键的氮元素。修复蓝细菌 Crocosphaera 和南极硅藻 Nitzschia sp.，以应对海洋酸化。近年来，该团队利用液相色谱质谱系统调整并开发了海洋微生物的定量蛋白质组学能力。该方法实际上已经成为常规方法，可以应用于与海洋酸化相关的各种问题。此外，由于海洋酸化和全球变暖之间的气候联系，还将研究温度升高的协同影响。更广泛的影响：这项拟议的研究将提供有关海洋酸化和变暖过程如何影响海洋浮游植物的机制信息。此外，还将培训和支持一名博士后研究员和研究生。该项目还将与鹰眼研究所和保护区受托人合作，开展一项外展计划，让来自马萨诸塞州新贝德福德的夏季少数族裔学生了解海洋学和环境科学。