HCC: Small: Non-Visual Skimming: Improving the Usability of Web Access for Blind People

HCC：小：非视觉略读：提高盲人访问 Web 的可用性

• 批准号: 1218570
• 负责人: Yevgen Borodin
• 金额: $ 50万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Stony Brook
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-10-01 至 2016-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1218570&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: HCC; Small; Non; Visual; Skimming

In our information driven Web-based society, we are all gradually falling victims to information overload. But while sighted people can develop ways to quickly skim Web content in order to get the gist of the information and find what they need, blind users are stymied because they must rely on screen reader software with limited functionality to narrate content using computer-generated speech through a serial audio interface, which does not allow these users to find out what content is important before they listen to it. So, they either listen to all content or listen to the first part of each sentence or paragraph before skipping to the next. The PI's goal in this project is to address this problem by developing novel interfaces and algorithmic techniques for non-visual skimming that will empower people with visual impairments to access information on the Web significantly faster than is currently possible with state-of-the-art screen readers.When skimming, sighted people quickly look through content and pick out keywords and relevant phrases. The PI's approach is to emulate this process and enable a computer-assisted skimming experience for screen-reader users. To this end, he will iteratively and concurrently pursue two research directions: designing interfaces for non-visual skimming, and developing algorithms to enable these interfaces. Through a process of participatory design interfaces will be derived for skimming with standard shortcut-driven screen-readers, touch-based devices, and simulated haptic surfaces, while algorithms for generating summaries will be created to support skimming of various types of Web content at different levels of granularity and speed. Controlled and in-situ real-world experiments will be conducted to evaluate the utility of the resulting interfaces and algorithms. Project outcomes will include an open-source skimming tool and reusable datasets of Web pages with annotations and summaries.Broader Impacts: Technology to facilitate non-visual skimming will transform information access for visually impaired users while also contributing to the fields of natural language processing, machine learning, and Web information retrieval. Additionally, this research will help us better understand how a combination of touch and haptic interfaces can improve website navigation and skimming. Although not explored in this research, project outcomes will likely prove useful to people with other disabilities such as cognitive and motor impairments, and they may ultimately also be helpful to sighted people.

在我们的信息驱动的基于网络的社会中，我们都逐渐成为信息超负荷的受害者。 但是，尽管有视力的人可以开发快速浏览网络内容的方法，以获取信息的要点并找到所需的内容，但盲人用户被阻碍，因为他们必须依靠具有有限功能的屏幕阅读器软件来使用计算机启动的语音通过串行音频界面来叙述内容，这使这些用户不允许这些用户在听取它之前找出内容很重要。 因此，在跳到下一个句子之前，他们要么听所有内容，要么听每个句子的第一部分或段落。 PI在该项目中的目标是通过开发新的界面和算法技术来解决此问题，用于非视觉掠夺，这将增强具有视觉障碍的人的能力，以比目前可能更快地访问网络上的信息。与最先进的屏幕读取器相比，使用内容的人快速浏览，通过内容和相关的键盘和相关的镜头来浏览，视力浏览的人可以迅速浏览。 PI的方法是效仿此过程，并为屏幕阅读器用户提供计算机辅助的脱脂体验。 为此，他将迭代和同时追求两个研究方向：设计非视觉掠夺的接口，并开发算法以实现这些接口。 通过参与式设计界面的过程，将得出用于使用标准快捷方式驱动的屏幕读取器，基于触摸的设备和模拟触觉表面的浏览，而为了支持不同级别的粒度和速度，可以创建用于生成摘要的算法。 将进行受控和原位现实世界实验，以评估所得界面和算法的实用性。 项目成果将包括带有注释和摘要的网页的开源浏览工具和可重复使用的网页数据集。BRODERIMPACTS：促进非视觉浏览的技术将改变视力障碍用户的信息访问，同时也为自然语言处理，机器学习，机器学习和网络信息的领域做出贡献。 此外，这项研究将有助于我们更好地了解触摸和触觉界面的组合如何改善网站导航和掠夺。 尽管在这项研究中没有探讨，但项目成果可能对其他残疾人（例如认知和运动障碍）有用，并且最终也可能对视力人士有帮助。