ICES: Small: Collaborative Research: Understanding the Roles of Intermediaries in Matching Markets

ICES：小型：协作研究：了解中介机构在匹配市场中的作用

• 批准号: 1216083
• 负责人: Ali Hortacsu
• 金额: $ 12.55万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1216083&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: ICES; Small; Collaborative; Research; Understanding

Market design--economic engineering--has been successful in the redesign of real-world "two-sided matching markets," including the matching of doctors to residencies and the assignment of students to schools. A recent and growing literature has shown that the methods and results of two-sided matching theory extend to substantially more general settings, including "trading networks" in which agents negotiate over contracts.Unlike two-sided matching markets, trading networks feature intermediaries, agents who both buy and sell in the market. These intermediaries may be intermediate producers (as in most economic models of supply chains) or may simply facilitate trade (e.g., through provision of information). Although the presence of intermediaries is the defining distinction between the matching-in-networks model and the previous two-sided frameworks, the analysis of intermediaries in these matching models has been limited.This research will further our understanding of the behavior and impact of market intermediaries. Theoretical work using the matching-in-networks framework will be supplemented with detailed empirical analyses using plant-level microdata on production networks, in order to gain insight into the magnitudes of intermediaries' effects on welfare. Simulated counterfactual models will be developed when theory does not provide sharp predictions.This work will inform and support new applications of market design approaches to real-world intermediated matching markets. One focus will be understanding how "local" perturbations (e.g., intermediary entrance and exit) affect the "global" structure of networks; another will be the identification and reduction of rent seeking by intermediaries.In addition to enabling novel work in applied market design, this research will promote joint work between computer scientists and economists working in the theory and practice of market design.

市场设计 - 经济工程 - 在现实世界中的“双面匹配市场”的重新设计，包括医生与居住的匹配以及学生将学生分配到学校。最近和不断增长的文献表明，双面匹配理论的方法和结果扩展到了基本上更一般的环境，包括“交易网络”，在这些环境中，代理商就合同进行了谈判。这些中介机构可以是中间生产者（如大多数供应链中的经济模型），也可以简单地促进贸易（例如，通过提供信息）。尽管中介机构的存在是网络中的匹配模型与前两侧框架之间的定义区别，但在这些匹配模型中对中间人的分析受到限制。这项研究将进一步了解我们对市场中间人的行为和影响的理解。使用匹配网络框架的理论工作将补充使用植物水平的微型数据在生产网络上进行详细的经验分析，以便深入了解中间人对福利的影响的幅度。当理论不提供尖锐的预测时，将开发模拟的反事实模型。这项工作将为现实世界中介导的匹配市场提供市场设计方法的新应用。一个重点是了解“本地”扰动（例如中介入口和退出）如何影响网络的“全局”结构；另一个将是中介机构识别和减少租金寻求租金。除了实现应用市场设计中的新工作外，这项研究还将促进计算机科学家与从事市场设计理论和实践的经济学家之间的共同工作。