Collaborative Research: Quantification of Dominant Heat Fluxes in Streams and Rivers in Arctic Alaska

合作研究：阿拉斯加北极溪流和河流中主要热通量的量化

• 批准号: 1204216
• 负责人: Douglas Kane
• 金额: $ 30.34万
• 依托单位: University of Alaska Fairbanks Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-07-15 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1204216&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Quantification; Dominant; Heat

Understanding the impacts of climate change on freshwater ecosystems is highly dependent on quantifying the associated changes in instream temperatures. However, this can be complicated because these temperatures are related to both changing meteorology (e.g., air temperature and precipitation) and hydrology (e.g., instream flows and lateral inflows). The ability to predict climate related changes on instream thermal regimes in Arctic streams is limited by the minimal understanding of key processes and the availability of data to quantify heat fluxes. The investigators hypothesize that the dominant heat fluxes within Arctic streams are similar to those in temperate climates but that the relative magnitude of the heat fluxes differ, and that quantification of lateral inflows is key in predicting water temperatures. To test this hypothesis, they would address three research questions regarding 1) the changing importance of key heat fluxes throughout the warm season; 2) the importance of lateral inflows to understanding instream temperature regimes; and 3) the sensitivity of instream temperatures to climate change drivers. To answer the first two questions, they would: quantify heat fluxes using data collection and modeling efforts in two representative arctic river types (alluvial and peat lined, beaded) near Toolik Lake, Alaska; adapt instream temperature models based on prior temperate zone hydrologic research to determine which heat fluxes are necessary to predict the spatial and temporal variability of Arctic instream temperatures; and use differential gauging at the reach and basin scales, along with distributed instream temperatures and other measures, to quantify hillslope-stream connectivity and lateral inflows. Given these results, they would address question 3 by conducting sensitivity analyses of anticipated climatic variability to identify the key hydrologic and meteorological drivers of instream temperature regimes. Ultimately, they would develop an Arctic-specific temperature model that provides predictive capabilities of instream temperatures. In the course of this research, the investigators would develop related curriculum exercises in close collaboration with high school science teachers in both Utah and Alaska, and subsequently make these available nationally. Graduate and undergraduate students would participate in the field and analytical work, and the investigators would share their results with local communities in Alaska who depend on aquatic resources for food.

了解气候变化对淡水生态系统的影响很大程度上取决于量化仪表温度的相关变化。但是，这可能是复杂的，因为这些温度与不断变化的气象（例如气温和降水）和水文学（例如，乐器流和侧向流入）有关。预测北极流中仪表热度与气候变化的能力受到对关键过程的最低了解以及数据可用性来量化热通量的限制。研究者假设北极流中的主要热通量与温带气候下的热通量相​​似，但是热通量的相对大小有所不同，横向流入的量化对于预测水温是关键。为了检验这一假设，他们将解决有关1）在整个温暖季节中关键热通量的重要性的三个研究问题； 2）侧向流入对理解工具温度状态的重要性； 3）仪表温度对气候变化驱动因素的敏感性。为了回答前两个问题，他们将：使用数据收集和建模北极河类型（冲积和泥炭衬里，串珠，串珠）在阿拉斯加的Toolik Lake附近量化热通量；根据先前的温带水文研究，适应仪表温度模型，以确定哪些热通量是预测北极仪表温度的空间和时间变化的必要条件；并在覆盖范围和盆地尺度上使用差分测量，以及分布式的仪表温度和其他度量，以量化山坡流连接性和侧向流入。鉴于这些结果，他们将通过对预期的气候变异性进行敏感性分析来解决问题3，以识别仪表温度状态的关键水文和气象驱动因素。最终，他们将开发一个北极特异性温度模型，该温度模型可提供仪表温度的预测能力。在这项研究的过程中，研究人员将与犹他州和阿拉斯加的高中科学教师密切合作开发相关的课程练习，然后在全国范围内提供这些课程。研究生和本科生将参加该领域和分析工作，调查人员将与阿拉斯加的当地社区分享他们的结果，他们依靠水生资源来提供食物。