Magnetic Nanoscopy with Diamond NV Centers

Diamond NV 中心的磁纳米显微术

• 批准号: 1202258
• 负责人: Dmitry Budker
• 金额: $ 45万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-07-01 至 2015-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1202258&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Magnetic; Nanoscopy; Diamond; NV; Centers

A novel approach to nanoscale magnetic-field imaging using a thin layer of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond and combining this with sub-optical-wavelength probing techniques is proposed. Magnetic-field sensing with single NV centers so far has shown a sensitivity of 5 nT/Hz1/2. Already this is sufficient to detect a single electron spin at 50 nm distances or a single nuclear spin at 5 nm. At the same time, the NV center is estimated at 0.3 nm in size. No other magnetic sensor has this sensitivity on this distance scale. Nanoscale magnetic field images have been made with NV centers using scanning-probe techniques, and microscale full-frame imaging with ensembles has been demonstrated. Sub-wavelength stimulated emission depletion microscopy has also been done using single NV centers and achieved better than 10 nm resolution even with low-intensity donut beams. The approach is to use ensembles to eliminate the need to control a scanning probe with nanometer precision near the object of interest while using depletion microscopy to maintain the spatial resolution. However, to realize this potential one must first better understand the physics of NV ensembles, especially how their magnetic sensitivity depends on NV concentration and interactions with the lasers used in the stimulated-emission-depletion (STED) and ground-state-depletion microscopy (GSD). The project will build on the combined expertise and infrastructure available to the Berkeley and Texas A&M groups. The apex of the project will be magnetic nanoscopy of a biologically relevant system---100 nm diameter magnetic chains in Tritonia diomedea---a sea slug known for its ability to navigate in the Earth's magnetic field.Intellectual merit: The proposed studies will lead to optimization of the NV-diamond ensembles for spatially-resolved ensemble magnetometry, elucidation of the fundamental physics of the NV-centers (including determination of temperature dependence of the magnetic-resonance parameters, etc.), understanding of the effect of the STED/GSD pump beam on sensitivity, and development of optimized magnetometry methodology based on this knowledge. The anticipated nanoscale sensor will have enough sensitivity to see nanoscale magnetic domains in materials. Broad impact will be to provide an alternative to magnetic resonance force microscopy with no moving parts. Due to extreme chemical stability of the host and the remote optical detection protocol, NV centers can also be used in microfluidic ``lab-on-a-chip'' systems, allowing chemical analysis and imaging with minute quantities of analytes. This is an important application in industry, security, and medicine, as it allows rapid and universal identification of dangerous substances. A key area of application is magnetic imaging of biological systems which will be demonstrated by measurements on magnetic chains in Tritonia diomedea. The study of color centers in diamond has broad educational impact, as the simple geometry of the NV center is a convenient teaching tool for understanding the broader concepts of quantum mechanics and solid-state physics. NV ensembles can demonstrate the principles of magnetic sensing to students using only a laser pointer and a magnet. Letting K-12 students perform hands-on magnetic sensing, combined with the social mystic of diamonds can also be used as a novel recruiting tool for underrepresented groups such as women. Involvement of undergraduates, specifically through the Berkeley undergraduate-research-apprenticeship program and TAMU's experimental optics course, is planned.

提出了一种使用钻石中稀薄的氮呈（NV）颜色中心的纳米级磁场成像的新方法，并提出了将其与次光波长探测技术相结合的方法。到目前为止，具有单个NV中心的磁场传感显示出5 nt/hz1/2的灵敏度。这已经足够在50 nm的距离或5 nm处检测单个核自旋。同时，NV中心的大小为0.3 nm。在此距离尺度上，没有其他磁性传感器具有这种灵敏度。已经使用扫描探针技术与NV中心制造了纳米级磁场图像，并且已经证明了与集团的显微镜全帧成像。也已经使用单个NV中心进行了亚波长刺激的发射耗尽显微镜，即使在低强度的甜甜圈束也可以分辨率高于10 nm。该方法是使用合奏来消除在感兴趣的对象附近以纳米精度控制扫描探针的需求，同时使用耗竭显微镜维持空间分辨率。但是，要意识到这一潜力，必须首先更好地理解NV集合的物理学，尤其是它们的磁敏感性如何取决于NV浓度以及与刺激发射止血（STED）和地面态止动显微镜（GSD）中使用的激光器的相互作用。该项目将建立在伯克利和德克萨斯州A＆M集团可用的联合专业知识和基础设施的基础上。 The apex of the project will be magnetic nanoscopy of a biologically relevant system---100 nm diameter magnetic chains in Tritonia diomedea---a sea slug known for its ability to navigate in the Earth's magnetic field.Intellectual merit: The proposed studies will lead to optimization of the NV-diamond ensembles for spatially-resolved ensemble magnetometry, elucidation of the fundamental physics of the NV中心（包括确定磁性参数的温度依赖性等），了解Sted/GSD泵束对灵敏度的影响以及基于此知识的优化磁力测定方法的发展。预期的纳米级传感器将具有足够的灵敏度，可以看到材料中的纳米级磁域。广泛的影响将是提供磁共振力显微镜的替代方案，而没有运动部件。由于宿主的极端化学稳定性和远程光学检测方案，NV中心也可以用于微流体````实验室''''''系统，从而可以使用微量的分析物进行化学分析和成像。这是行业，安全和医学的重要应用，因为它可以快速，普遍地识别危险物质。应用的关键领域是生物系统的磁成像，这些成像将通过Tritonia diomedea中的磁链的测量来证明。钻石颜色中心的研究具有广泛的教育影响，因为NV中心的简单几何形状是一种便利的教学工具，可用于了解量子力学和固态物理学的更广泛概念。 NV集合可以仅使用激光指针和磁铁向学生展示磁传感的原理。 让K-12学生进行动手磁性感应，再加上钻石的社会神秘感，也可以用作女性等代表性不足的群体的新型招聘工具。计划介绍本科生的参与，特别是通过伯克利本科研究批准计划和TAMU的实验光学课程的参与。