Collaborative Research: Determining the Field Metabolic Rate of Marine Predators: Integrating Accelerometry and Respirometry to Bridge the Gap Between the Laboratory and the Field

合作研究：确定海洋捕食者的野外代谢率：集成加速度测量法和呼吸测量法以弥合实验室和现场之间的差距

• 批准号: 1156145
• 负责人: Samuel Gruber
• 金额: $ 12.76万
• 依托单位: University of Miami
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-04-01 至 2015-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1156145&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Determining; Field; Metabolic

Energetics is a central theme in ecology, and metabolism may be the primary factor determining the structure of biological systems as a whole. Despite the importance of top level predators in marine ecosystems and the need to understand the impact of their global population declines, surprisingly little is known about energy flow in upper trophic levels. This gap in knowledge is due to the difficulty of assessing the metabolic rate of marine predators and our inability to link experimentally derived metabolic rates to those of free-ranging animals in their natural habitat. Novel accelerometry technology is now making this link possible for the first time. Because Overall Dynamic Body Acceleration (ODBA) has been shown to correlate closely with oxygen consumption in numerous vertebrate taxa, we can use this potentially transformational technique to derive time-energy budgets for free-ranging marine predators.Intellectual Merit: This study will integrate the use of respirometry and accelerometry technology to bridge the gap between laboratory- and field-based metabolic rates for three species of sharks with different behaviors. The PIs will conduct respirometry experiments on accelerometer-equipped animals in the laboratory to determine the relationship between metabolic rate and ODBA for each species over a range of swim speeds and water temperatures. Using these relationships, the PIs will then conduct field experiments using accelerometry to calculate the absolute energetic expenditure of sharks in their natural habitat over several days. Because accelerometers also provide data with which specific shark behaviors can be quantified, the PIs will be able to partition between standard and active metabolic rate and determine how the relationship changes at varying temperatures. This aspect will have implications for predicting how seasonal or long-term changes in sea surface temperatures are likely to affect the impact of ectothermic predators on their prey.Broader Impacts: This work will provide data and a new methodology for estimating energy demands of sharks in their natural environments following natural patterns of behavior. This is an important step in calculating the trophic effects of sharks on other components of ecosystems, and thereby also calculating the consequences of shark declines. This work will be the basis of student intern projects through the Mote Marine Laboratory's (MML's) ongoing NSF-REU Program, which provides research experiences to U.S. college students with a special focus on minority groups underrepresented in science and engineering. The PIs are involved in a unique collaboration with Untamed Science to film their work and use it to illustrate science concepts for chapter-specific films which will allow their work to reach millions of K-12 students nationwide. This project will also fund a creative way of connecting with the general public through a new exhibit at MML's public aquarium (with approximately 400,000 visitors per year). This capitalizes on the broad public interest in sharks and allows visitors to control a digital shark using an accelerometer-based videogame controller. Shark energy level will be depleted by excessive tailbeats and replenished by feeding events, and visitors will have to balance the value of feeding success against the cost of higher ODBA and rapid energy depletion.

能量学是生态学中的核心主题，代谢可能是确定整个生物系统结构的主要因素。尽管高层捕食者在海洋生态系统中的重要性以及了解其全球人口的影响的需求，但令人惊讶的是，对上营养水平的能量流众所周知。知识的差距是由于难以评估海洋捕食者的代谢率，以及我们无法将实验衍生的代谢率与自然栖息地中的自由态动物的代谢率联系起来。新型的加速度计算技术现在首次使此链接成为可能。因为已显示总体动态人体加速度（ODBA）与众多脊椎动物分类群中的氧气消耗密切相关，所以我们可以使用这种潜在的转型技术来得出自由范围的海洋捕食者的时间能量预算。智力优点：这项研究将与临时技术的使用范围内的差异和加速型技术之间的差异化，并将其整合到验中，并在验证范围内进行了验证和加速级别的范围。行为。 PI将在实验室中配备加速度计的动物上进行呼吸测定实验，以确定在一系列游泳速度和水温下，每个物种的代谢率与ODBA之间的关系。使用这些关系，PI将使用加速度计进行现场实验，以计算几天内自然栖息地中鲨鱼的绝对能量消耗。由于加速度计还提供了可以量化特定鲨鱼行为的数据，因此PI将能够在标准代谢率和主动代谢率之间分配，并确定在不同温度下的关系如何变化。这一方面将对预测海面温度的季节性或长期变化如何影响屈光掠食者对猎物的影响。BRODER的影响：这项工作将提供数据和新方法，以估算自然行为模式的自然环境中鲨鱼的能量需求。 这是计算鲨鱼对生态系统其他组成部分的营养影响的重要步骤，从而计算鲨鱼下降的后果。 这项工作将是通过Mote Marine实验室（MML）正在进行的NSF-REU计划的学生实习项目的基础，该计划为美国大学生提供研究经验，特别关注少数群体在科学和工程领域的代表性不足。 PIS与Untamed Science进行了独特的合作，以拍摄他们的作品，并使用它来说明特定于章节的科学概念，这将使他们的作品能够吸引全国数百万的K-12学生。该项目还将通过MML公共水族馆的新展览（每年约40万游客）与公众建立联系的创造性方式。这利用了鲨鱼的广泛公共利益，并允许访客使用基于加速度计的视频游戏控制器控制数字鲨鱼。鲨鱼能量水平将被过多的尾巴耗尽，并通过喂养事件补充，游客将必须平衡进食成功的价值与较高的odba和快速能量耗尽的成本。