Collaborative Research: A Comparison of the Mating System and Evolutionary Potential of Lemon Sharks, Negaprion Brevirostris (Poey), at Two Nursery Sites in the Western Atlantic

合作研究：西大西洋两个繁殖地的柠檬鲨（Negaprion Brevirostris，Poey）的交配系统和进化潜力的比较

• 批准号: 0623283
• 负责人: Samuel Gruber
• 金额: $ 41.29万
• 依托单位: University of Miami
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-02-01 至 2012-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0623283&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Comparison; Mating; System

One of the most pressing global conservation concerns is the loss of large predatory fish, especially sharks, from marine ecosystems. Despite the need for urgent action, very little is known about the spatial scaling, evolutionary dynamics and breeding biology of shark populations, which is necessary to develop effective management strategies. This study will expand a long-term analysis of the breeding biology of the lemon shark, and for the first time for any large marine vertebrate, examine the evolutionary dynamics of critical fitness traits (growth, early survival, condition factor) using a quantitative genetics approach. The investigators will build on previous research to (1) directly determine whether female lemon sharks return to their natal nursery for parturition (natal philopatry), (2) examine the lemon shark's mating system both locally and regionally at two separate nurseries (Bimini, Bahamas and Marquesas Key, Florida), (3) use quantitative genetics to understand heritability and local adaptation of fitness traits at these two sites, and (4) document genetic impacts of an anthropogenic disturbance at our main study site in the Bahamas. As a result of prior support, the necessary microsatellite markers are fully developed and over 2000 sharks have been sampled over ten years from these two populations. The Broader Impacts Teaching and Training include three university courses given at the Bimini Biological Field Station and involving the ongoing research on elasmobranch fishes. As part of the investigators' work, students from around the world will be trained in both the field at Bimini and Marquesas Key as well as the laboratory in Chicago. Underrepresented Groups are targeted through a special privately funded program that brings for underprivileged high school students, Latino, Caribbean and African Americans, to the Bimini Biological Field Station annually. In addition to publishing results in peer-review journals and presenting at international meetings, our findings will be presented to the public in the upcoming Field Museum exhibit, "Pritzker Lab on the Floor." Results of this research will be used to suggest appropriate management schemes for lemon sharks in and around the Florida Keys and presented to the Bahamian government to assist in designating Bimini lagoon as a Marine Protected Area.

全球最紧迫的保护问题之一是大型掠食性鱼类（尤其是鲨鱼）从海洋生态系统中的消失。尽管需要采取紧急行动，但人们对鲨鱼种群的空间尺度、进化动力学和繁殖生物学知之甚少，而这些对于制定有效的管理策略是必要的。这项研究将扩大对柠檬鲨繁殖生物学的长期分析，并首次使用定量遗传学研究大型海洋脊椎动物的关键适应性特征（生长、早期生存、条件因素）的进化动态。方法。研究人员将在之前的研究基础上（1）直接确定雌性柠檬鲨是否返回其出生育婴室进行分娩（出生性育儿），（2）在两个不同的育婴室（巴哈马比米尼岛）检查本地和区域柠檬鲨的交配系统和佛罗里达州马克萨斯岛），(3) 使用定量遗传学来了解这两个地点的遗传力和适应性特征的局部适应性，以及 (4) 记录人为干扰对遗传的影响我们的主要研究地点在巴哈马。由于先前的支持，必要的微卫星标记已完全开发出来，并且在十年内从这两个种群中采集了 2000 多条鲨鱼样本。更广泛影响的教学和培训包括在比米尼生物现场站提供的三门大学课程，涉及正在进行的软骨鱼研究。作为研究人员工作的一部分，来自世界各地的学生将在比米尼岛和马克萨斯岛以及芝加哥的实验室接受培训。一项特殊的私人资助计划针对代表性不足的群体，该计划每年将贫困高中生、拉丁裔、加勒比裔和非裔美国人带到比米尼生物野外站。除了在同行评审期刊上发表结果并在国际会议上展示之外，我们的研究结果还将在即将举行的菲尔德博物馆展览“地板上的普利兹克实验室”中向公众展示。 这项研究的结果将用于为佛罗里达群岛及其周边地区的柠檬鲨提出适当的管理方案，并提交给巴哈马政府，以协助将比米尼泻湖指定为海洋保护区。