COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Interacting influences of climate, land use, and other disturbances on regime shifts in forest ecosystems: Holocene dynamics in the northeastern US

合作研究：气候、土地利用和其他干扰因素对森林生态系统格局转变的相互作用影响：美国东北部的全新世动态

• 批准号: 1146297
• 负责人: Bryan Shuman
• 金额: $ 36万
• 依托单位: University of Wyoming
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-07-01 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1146297&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: COLLABORATIVE; RESEARCH; Interacting; influences; climate

The manner in which climate change, human land-use and natural disturbances interact to disrupt natural systems remains a critical concern for science and society. With increasing rates of climate and land-use change the rate and magnitude of ecosystem changes will likely increase with major effects on critical services to humankind including the availability of natural resources and the ability of nature to buffer climate impacts. This research project will advance the understanding of how climate change interacts with human and natural disturbances to generate abrupt ecological changes by developing and analyzing a rich array of paleoecological, paleoclimatic, and archaeological data over the past 13,000 years. The study will focus on periods characterized by sharp declines in oak and hemlock due to rapid climate change, major droughts, insect outbreaks, changing human-population and land-use regimes (e.g., deforestation, fire) at ca. 6000, 5500, and 4000 yr BP and the time of European settlement. New methodologies will be applied to analyze ecosystem change and to explore the consequences for the earth?s future. The research will concentrate on southern New England and three important, contrasting landscapes: the coast (Cape Cod and islands), near-coastal wetland area (Taunton River), and the inland-riverine area of the Connecticut and Deerfield Rivers. The collaborators will apply their strengths in ecological, biophysical and social science to advance: (i) interdisciplinary training at undergraduate, graduate, postdoctoral and mid-career levels; (ii) communication and engagement with broad audiences of scientists, decision makers, and policy makers; and (iii) environmental and conservation policy. These efforts will capitalize on existing institutional strengths: Harvard Forest Programs in Science and Policy Integration, Program on Conservation Innovation, Summer Research in Ecology (NSF REU), Bullard Fellowship Program, Archaeology/ Paleoecology Field School and LTER program; the new LTER Network collaboration with the MBL Logan Journalist Program; the Emerson College undergraduate program in Science Communication and graduate programs in Geology and Geophysics at the University of Wyoming and Anthropology and Archaeology at the University of Massachusetts.

气候变化、人类土地利用和自然干扰相互作用破坏自然系统的方式仍然是科学和社会关注的一个重要问题。随着气候和土地利用变化速度的加快，生态系统变化的速度和程度可能会增加，对人类的关键服务产生重大影响，包括自然资源的可用性和自然缓冲气候影响的能力。该研究项目将通过开发和分析过去 13,000 年来丰富的古生态、古气候和考古数据，加深对气候变化如何与人类和自然干扰相互作用，从而产生突然的生态变化的理解。 该研究将重点关注由于气候快速变化、严重干旱、昆虫爆发、人口和土地利用制度变化（例如森林砍伐、火灾）而导致橡树和铁杉急剧下降的时期。距今 6000 年、5500 年和 4000 年以及欧洲人定居的时间。 新的方法将用于分析生态系统变化并探索其对地球未来的影响。该研究将集中在新英格兰南部和三个重要的、对比鲜明的景观：海岸（科德角和岛屿）、近海岸湿地区域（汤顿河）以及康涅狄格河和迪尔菲尔德河的内陆河流区域。合作者将运用他们在生态、生物物理和社会科学方面的优势来推进：（i）本科生、研究生、博士后和职业中期水平的跨学科培训； (ii) 与广大科学家、决策者和政策制定者的沟通和参与； (iii) 环境和保护政策。 这些努力将利用现有的机构优势：哈佛森林科学与政策整合计划、保护创新计划、生态学夏季研究（NSF REU）、布拉德奖学金计划、考古学/古生态学实地学校和 LTER 计划； LTER 网络与 MBL 洛根记者计划的新合作；艾默生学院的科学传播本科课程以及怀俄明大学的地质学和地球物理学研究生课程以及马萨诸塞大学的人类学和考古学研究生课程。