Collaborative Research: Causes and consequences of fire-regime variability in Rocky Mountain forests

合作研究：落基山森林火灾状况变化的原因和后果

基本信息

批准号：
1655189
负责人：
Bryan Shuman
金额：
$ 17.7万
依托单位：
University of Wyoming
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-08-01 至 2023-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1655189&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Causes consequences fire

项目摘要

Wildfires affect more than 180,000 km2 in the Unites States every year, on average, an area 20 times the size of Yellowstone National Park. In the Rocky Mountains, the amount of area burned in large wildfires has been increasing since the mid-1980s, a trend well linked to warming spring and summer temperatures, and expected to continue in upcoming decades. The way society plans for and reacts to wildfires, for example through federal policy and land management, is strongly shaped by our understanding of the causes, ecological consequences, and historical precedence of fire in different ecosystems. Important questions in this context include: how often have fires occurred in the past and how has this varied with climate and human activity, how have fires impacted valued resources including forests and water quality, and how long does it take for ecosystems to recover to pre-fire conditions? Studying how and why forests and wildfire activity have varied in the past, over periods of varying climate and human activity, provides a critical foundation for understanding the implications of wildfires. This long-term perspective also helps inform and improve models that simulate the impacts of future environmental change, including changes in wildfire activity. Mechanisms for broader impacts include documenting and communicating research results via a journalism graduate student embedded with the research team, advancing STEM education through the development of forest and fire ecology curricula for high school educators, and training graduate and undergraduate students in field-, lab-, and modeling-based research.This research investigates the relationships and feedbacks among changes in climate, wildfire activity, and ecosystems over the past 2500 years through a unique combination of paleoecological reconstructions and ecosystem modeling. Using an unusually dense network of lake-sediment records in two study regions (i.e., 9-12 lakes within 1000 km2 in the N. and S. Rockies), the frequency, severity, and synchrony of past fire activity will be characterized and compared to paleoclimate records to assess the drivers of past fire activity. Paleofire records will be supplemented with high-resolution records of vegetation and biogeochemical change at a subset of focal sites, to assess the ecosystem impacts of past fire activity. Coupled climate-fire-ecosystem dynamics will be examined at watershed and sub-regional spatial scales through a set of ecosystem modeling simulations that compare paleo-informed to equilibrium scenarios.

美国每年的山火平均影响面积超过18万平方公里，面积是黄石国家公园面积的20倍。在落基山脉，自 20 世纪 80 年代中期以来，大规模野火烧毁的面积一直在增加，这一趋势与春季和夏季气温变暖密切相关，预计在未来几十年将持续下去。社会规划和应对野火的方式（例如通过联邦政策和土地管理）很大程度上取决于我们对不同生态系统中火灾的原因、生态后果和历史先例的理解。在这方面的重要问题包括：过去发生火灾的频率以及火灾如何随气候和人类活动而变化，火灾如何影响包括森林和水质在内的宝贵资源，以及生态系统恢复到正常状态需要多长时间-火灾条件？研究过去在不同气候和人类活动时期森林和野火活动如何以及为何发生变化，为理解野火的影响提供了重要基础。这种长期视角还有助于提供信息并改进模拟未来环境变化（包括野火活动变化）影响的模型。产生更广泛影响的机制包括通过嵌入研究团队的新闻研究生记录和交流研究结果，通过为高中教育工作者开发森林和火灾生态课程来推进 STEM 教育，以及对研究生和本科生进行现场、实验室培训。以及基于模型的研究。这项研究通过古生态重建和生态系统建模的独特结合，调查了过去 2500 年气候、野火活动和生态系统变化之间的关系和反馈。利用两个研究区域（即落基山脉北部和南部 1000 平方公里内的 9-12 个湖泊）异常密集的湖泊沉积物记录网络，对过去火灾活动的频率、严重程度和同步性进行表征和比较古气候记录来评估过去火灾活动的驱动因素。古火灾记录将辅以部分焦点地点植被和生物地球化学变化的高分辨率记录，以评估过去火灾活动对生态系统的影响。将通过一组生态系统建模模拟在流域和次区域空间尺度上研究耦合的气候-火灾-生态系统动态，这些模拟将古知情与平衡情景进行比较。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（7）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Holocene water levels of Silver Lake, Montana, and the hydroclimate history of the Inland Northwest

蒙大拿州银湖的全新世水位和西北内陆的水文气候历史

DOI：
10.1017/qua.2022.17
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Quaternary Research
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Parish, Meredith C.;Wolf, Kyra D.;Higuera, Philip E.;Shuman, Bryan N.
通讯作者：
Shuman, Bryan N.

Vegetation response to wildfire and climate forcing in a Rocky Mountain lodgepole pine forest over the past 2500 years

过去 2500 年来落基山黑松林植被对野火和气候强迫的响应

DOI：
10.1177/0959683620941068
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
The Holocene
影响因子：
0
作者：
Chileen, Barrie V;McLauchlan, Kendra K;Higuera, Philip E;Parish, Meredith;Shuman, Bryan N
通讯作者：
Shuman, Bryan N

Post-Fire Carbon Dynamics in Subalpine Forests of the Rocky Mountains

DOI：
10.3390/fire2040058
发表时间：
2019-12-01
期刊：
FIRE-SWITZERLAND
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Bartowitz, Kristina J.;Higuera, Philip E.;Hudiburg, Tara W.
通讯作者：
Hudiburg, Tara W.

Rocky Mountain subalpine forests now burning more than any time in recent millennia

DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2103135118
发表时间：
2021-06-22
期刊：
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Higuera, Philip E.;Shuman, Bryan N.;Wolf, Kyra D.
通讯作者：
Wolf, Kyra D.

Millennial-scale increase in winter precipitation in the southern Rocky Mountains during the Common Era

公元元年落基山脉南部冬季降水量以千禧年规模增加