Collaborative Research: Hawaiian and Subplinian Basaltic Volcanism: Constraints on Eruption Dynamics from Kilauea

合作研究：夏威夷和亚普林阶玄武岩火山活动：基拉韦厄火山喷发动力学的限制

• 批准号: 1145177
• 负责人: Terry Plank
• 金额: $ 12.44万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1145177&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Hawaiian; Subplinian; Basaltic

Understanding the forces controlling basaltic explosive eruptions is of fundamental importance in order to improve understanding of the range of behaviors of our most frequently active volcanoes and to assess hazards of future explosive events. The summit of Kîlauea is the site of large and growing volcano-tourism (e.g., 5000 visitors/day at the overlook at Jaggar Museum), and there is a public need both for better knowledge of the volcanoes' behavior and improved forecasting of the likely course of future eruptions. Although not its usual style, explosive eruptions have punctuated Kîlauea's history, with five moderately large events since 1500 CE. The study quantifies and models the dominant factors that determine explosive eruptive behavior at Kilauea volcano, through a study of the eruptive products from three plume-forming and fountaining eruptions. The events are episode 1 of the highest historical fountaining eruption at Kîlauea, the 1959 Kîlauea Iki eruption, a much earlier powerful fountaining eruption in 1480 CE and a powerful; plume-forming eruption in 1635 CE.The novelty of the approach lies in using new 'rate-meters' to estimate likely durations of magma ascent beneath the volcano to arrive at the influence of this residence time on the ultimate 'fate' of the magma. The investigators will study microtextures (vesicles and microlites), volatiles in melt inclusions, and embayments in eruptive products.In addition to direct support for 3 graduate students and undergraduate students, results will contribute to educational outreach efforts anchored on development of volcanology classes at University of Hawaii, Columbia University and Rice University. The proposal involves exchange of material and ideas between five institutions to the benefit of young researchers, and undergraduate and graduate classes. Our results will be widely disseminated via the Internet using linked web sites hosted by Hawaiian Volcano Observatory and NSF-funded institutions.

了解控制基底爆发性喷发的力量对于提高对最频繁活火山的行为范围的了解并评估未来爆发事件的危险至关重要。 （例如，贾格尔博物馆的观景台每天有 5000 名游客），而且公众需要更好地了解火山的行为并改进对未来可能喷发过程的预测。与往常一样，爆炸性喷发在基拉韦厄火山的历史上留下了深刻的印象，自公元 1500 年以来，发生了五次中等规模的火山喷发事件。这项研究通过对三个羽流形成和喷发的喷发产物的研究，对决定基拉韦厄火山爆炸性喷发行为的主导因素进行了量化和建模。这些事件是基拉韦厄火山历史上最高喷发事件——1959 年基拉韦厄火山喷发的第一集。该方法的新颖之处在于使用新的“速率计”来估计火山下方岩浆上升到达的可能持续时间；该停留时间对岩浆最终“命运”的影响研究人员将研究微观结构（囊泡和微晶石）、熔体包裹体中的挥发物，除了对 3 名研究生和本科生的直接支持外，成果还将有助于夏威夷大学、哥伦比亚大学和莱斯大学以火山学课程开发为基础的教育推广工作。该提案涉及材料和材料的交流。五个机构之间的想法，以造福年轻研究人员以及本科生和研究生班。我们的研究结果将通过夏威夷火山观测站和国家科学基金会资助的机构主办的链接网站广泛传播。