Collaborative Research: Science of Broadening Participation -- From School to Work: A Longitudinal Study of Gender Stratification in Science and Engineering

合作研究：扩大参与的科学——从学校到工作：科学与工程中性别分层的纵向研究

• 批准号: 1124169
• 负责人: Carroll Seron
• 金额: $ 12.34万
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-15 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1124169&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Science; Broadening; Participation

SES-1123747Susan Silbey Massachusetts Institute of TechnologySES-1123905Brian Rubineau Cornell UniversitySES-1124169Carroll Seron University of California-IrvineScience of Broadening Participation -- From School to Work: A Longitudinal Study of Gender Stratification in Science and EngineeringAbstractThe United States and other advanced economies face unprecedented challenges in technical areas such as energy, environment, and defense. Solving these challenges requires a diverse, highly educated labor force, with professional expertise in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Contributing to the problem of under-production of STEM professionals in the U.S. is the pronounced gender segregation in some STEM professions, especially in engineering. As a consequence, we have a much smaller population from which to develop the needed engineering expertise. This project seeks to help us understand what causes continued gender segregation in STEM fields.An earlier study conducted by the PIs surveyed and interviewed a group of men and women for five years, beginning with the first year of their college education. This panel included a disproportionate number of young men and women planning to major in engineering, who had demonstrated exemplary achievement in science and mathematics. Yet, after four years of engineering education, shortly before college graduation and entry into the labor market, a significantly smaller percentage of the women than the men planned to pursue careers in engineering. Analyses showed that more women than men reported lower confidence in their ability to have a career in engineering. The current project revisits these men and women at the next career stage -- 5 years after their anticipated college graduation, and during their early years in the labor market. At this time, the project will collect data that enables researchers to compare the role of individual (confidence), organizational (workplace-related), and social network factors to explain gender specific career track decisions, especially regarding STEM fields. Methodologically, this study expands a unique longitudinal dataset to explain the critical transition from college and post-graduate training to the professional workforce. The theoretical model used adjudicates among the most important contending explanations for persistent gender stratification in professional employment by testing social psychological theories of causal individual and gender differences, organization-level processes, and social capital theories concerning the efficacy of social networks. Broader ImpactsFindings from this research may help explain patterns of attrition from and persistence in STEM fields, and engineering in particular. This important issue is of interest to private- and public-sector employers, current and future professionals, as well as institutions of higher education. Moreover, persistent gender segregation in STEM could compromise the competitive position of the United States in a global economy. Findings from this study may also contribute to policy developments aimed at improving the nation's scientific competitiveness.

SES-1123747Susan Silbey马萨诸塞州技术研究所1123905Brian Rubineau Cornell Universityses-1124169 Carroll Seron California-California-Irvinesience of California-Irvinesient of California-Irvinessient of Bread Novering参与 - 从学校到工作：从上班到工作：在较长的范围内进行较长的经济学挑战。能源，环境和防御。 解决这些挑战需要多样化，受过高等教育的劳动力，并具有科学，技术，工程和数学（STEM）方面的专业专业知识。在美国，造成STEM专业人员生产不足的问题的原因是某些STEM专业中的明显性别隔离，尤其是在工程学中。结果，我们的人口较少，可以从中发展所需的工程专业知识。 该项目旨在帮助我们了解STEM领域中持续性别隔离的原因。由PIS进行的一项较早的研究进行了调查，并采访了一群男女五年，从他们的大学教育的第一年开始。 该小组包括计划在工程学专业的年轻男女数量不成比例，这些年轻男女在科学和数学方面表现出了典范的成就。然而，经过四年的工程教育，在大学毕业和进入劳动力市场之前不久，女性的百分比要比计划从事工程职业的男性的比例要小得多。分析表明，女性比男性多的女性对自己从事工程职业的能力的信心较低。当前的项目在下一个职业阶段重新审视了这些男人和女人 - 预计大学毕业后的5年以及他们在劳动力市场的早期。 目前，该项目将收集数据，使研究人员能够比较个人（信心），组织（与工作场所相关的）和社交网络因素的作用，以解释性别特定的职业轨道决策，尤其是关于STEM领域。 从方法上讲，这项研究扩展了一个独特的纵向数据集，以解释从大学和研究生培训到专业劳动力的关键过渡。理论模型通过测试有关因果个人和性别差异的社会心理学理论，组织级别的过程以及有关社会网络功效的社会资本理论，对专业就业中持续性别分层的持续性别分层进行了裁决。这项研究的更广泛的影响可能有助于解释STEM领域中的消耗模式，尤其是工程学。 这个重要的问题引起了私营部门和公共部门的雇主，现任和未来的专业人员以及高等教育机构的兴趣。 此外，STEM中的持续性别隔离可能会损害美国在全球经济中的竞争地位。 这项研究的结果也可能有助于旨在提高国家科学竞争力的政策发展。