Manipulation of plant defenses by an insect-vectored virus

通过昆虫传播的病毒操纵植物防御

• 批准号: 1121788
• 负责人: Georg Jander
• 金额: $ 38.11万
• 依托单位: Boyce Thompson Institute Plant Research
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-08-01 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1121788&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Manipulation; plant; defenses; insect; vectored

Infections with some plant-pathogenic viruses not only make the host plants more attractive for aphids, but also increase the rate of aphid growth and reproduction. This may represent active manipulation of plant metabolism by viruses, which rely on insects for their transmission from one plant to another. However, although numerous studies have demonstrated altered aphid growth on virus-infected plants, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon. Research using Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), Myzus persicae (peach-potato aphid), and Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) as a model system will be used to study the molecular biology of plant-aphid-virus interactions. Preliminary results show that Arabidopsis defense responses, which are normally turned on when aphids initiate feeding, are reduced in TuMV-infected plants. Further research will be directed at measuring virus-induced changes in plant metabolisms, identifying plant defense pathways that are manipulated by TuMV, and determining which of the eleven TuMV genes are required for shutting down anti-aphid defenses in Arabidopsis and other plant species.TuMV, which is commonly transmitted by green peach aphids, is a serious pathogen of vegetable crops. Virus control in agricultural systems is complicated by the propensity of peach-potato aphids to develop insecticide resistance, as well as TuMV reservoirs in Arabidopsis and other weed species. Research on the interactions of Arabidopsis, peach-potato aphids, and TuMV interactions, will identify previously unknown aspects of plant metabolism that contribute to aphid attraction and reproduction. Such information can be used to improve the insect and virus resistance of crop plants through classical breeding and transgenic approaches. The proposed project also will contribute to training a new generation of students in plant molecular biology, biochemistry, and genetics. These students will be well-prepared for future careers in the plant biotechnology industry, academia, or government service.

某些植物病毒病毒感染不仅使宿主植物对蚜虫更具吸引力，而且还增加了蚜虫生长和繁殖的速度。这可能代表病毒对植物代谢的积极操纵，这些病毒依靠昆虫从一种植物传播到另一种植物。然而，尽管许多研究表明，病毒感染植物的蚜虫生长改变了，但对这种现象的分子机制知之甚少。使用拟南芥（拟南芥），myzus persicae（桃花 - 帕托蚜虫）和萝卜镶嵌病毒（TUMV）作为模型系统的研究将用于研究植物性磷灰岩相互作用的分子生物学。初步结果表明，在感染TUMV的植物中，拟南芥的防御反应通常在蚜虫启动时会打开。进一步的研究将旨在测量病毒诱导的植物代谢变化，鉴定由TUMV操纵的植物防御途径，并确定在拟南芥和其他植物物种中关闭抗磷酸防御的唯一TUMV基因所必需的。TUMV，TUMV通常通过绿色桃子aphids apphids apphids appersogn compate ventable veent of vepent compate veent of vepent nevents compate veent of vepent of vepent of vepent op vepent op vepent compate veent of vepents veent nevent。农业系统中的病毒控制使桃 - 帕托蚜虫倾向以及拟南芥和其他杂草物种中的TUMV储层的倾向变得复杂。关于拟南芥，桃 - 帕托蚜虫和TUMV相互作用的相互作用的研究将确定以前未知的植物代谢方面有助于蚜虫吸引和繁殖。这些信息可用于通过经典的繁殖和转基因方法来改善作物植物的昆虫和病毒抗性。拟议的项目还将有助于培训新一代学生的植物分子生物学，生物化学和遗传学。这些学生将为植物生物技术行业，学术界或政府服务的未来职业做好准备。