Climate Variability and Impacts on Regional Surface Runoff in High Asia Mountains

高亚洲山区气候变化及其对区域地表径流的影响

• 批准号: 1116105
• 负责人: Leila Carvalho
• 金额: $ 56.35万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-15 至 2017-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1116105&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Climate; Variability; Impacts; Regional; Surface

The current state and future fate of the 'High Asian water towers' (i.e., freshwater reservoirs at high elevations) are of central importance for water, food, and power supply of densely populated regions in south, east, and central Asia. In addition to the highly seasonal summer rainfall, winter precipitation is important for snowmelt and discharge in the pre-monsoon season. Runoff from snow is especially significant in the central Asian and western Himalayan regions, where hundreds of millions of people reside. This project aims to advance our current understanding of climate processes on regional-to-continental scales and how they affect the water balance in the High Asia Mountains. It focuses on multiannual-to-decadal variations in the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) and winter western disturbances (WD) and their impacts on rainfall, snow and runoff variability in High Asia. The investigators will: 1) characterize and investigate multi-annual-to-decadal variations in the ISM and WD and their regional impacts on the surface water budget, 2) examine the spatiotemporal variability of the surface water budget including changes in rainfall and snow and their relative roles in driving runoff variations in High Asia, and 3) develop case studies to investigate changes in ISM and WD and their influences on the long-term variability of snow and associated runoff in the High Asia Mountains.The broader impacts of this project involve scientific and educational components. This work will characterize and analyze the physical and dynamical processes associated with multi-annual-to-decadal variations in the Indian Summer Monsoon, winter western disturbances, rain, snowfall and surface runoff in the High Asia Mountains. It will produce unique observational and modeling data and validation results that will be available to the climate, hydrology, and geomorphology research community. Further understanding of the physical processes associated with rain, snow, glacial and snowmelt waters in the High Asia will bring significant benefits for society. The nature of this problem requires scientific expertise and educational training in different disciplines: meteorology, hydrology, and geomorphology. The project will support and involve two Ph.D. graduate students and broaden graduate classes in the Department of Geography at the University of California in Santa Barbara.

“高海拔高海拔的淡水塔”（即淡水水库）的当前状态和未来命运对于水，食物以及南部，东部和中亚人口稠密地区的电源至关重要。除了季节性的夏季降雨量外，冬季降水对于季风前季节对融雪和排出也很重要。在中亚和西部的喜马拉雅地区，雪的径流尤为重要，数亿人居住。该项目旨在提高我们当前对区域到国际尺度气候过程的理解，以及它们如何影响高亚洲山脉的水平。它着重于印度夏季季风（ISM）和Winter Western Discress（WD）中的多年度至十年变化，及其对高亚降雨，降雪和径流变化的影响。调查人员将：1）表征和调查ISM和WD的多年级到日期变化及其对地表水预算的区域影响，2）检查地表水预算的时空变异性，降雨量和降雪的变化及其在驱动较高的差异方面的变化，以及它们在高亚洲和W的范围内的变化，以及3）在ISM和W的范围内变化，以及3）的差异，以及3）的差异，并与W的差异相关的是，其差异很长，W）的差异和差异很长。亚洲山脉。该项目的更广泛影响涉及科学和教育组成部分。这项工作将表征和分析与印度夏季季风，冬季西部干扰，雨水，降雪和高亚洲山区的多年代到日期变化相关的物理和动态过程。它将产生独特的观察和建模数据以及验证结果，这些结果将用于气候，水文学和地貌研究界。进一步了解与降雨，雪，冰川和融化水域有关的物理过程将为社会带来重大利益。这个问题的性质需要不同学科的科学专业知识和教育培训：气象，水文学和地貌学。该项目将支持并涉及两个博士学位。加利福尼亚大学圣塔芭芭拉分校地理系的研究生并扩大了研究生课程。