Shaping Colloids for Self Assembly

自组装成型胶体

• 批准号: 1105455
• 负责人: David Pine
• 金额: $ 39万
• 依托单位: New York University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1105455&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Shaping; Colloids; Self; Assembly

Technical Abstract This project will explore and develop the role of particle shape in the self assembly of colloids. Until recently, the basic shapes used in colloidal self assembly have been limited to spheres and rods, which has limited colloidal structures to fcc, bcc, and a few simple variants. The inability to achieve the same richness of structures observed for atomic and molecular crystals in colloidal crystals has been brought into sharp relief by the challenge of making photonic colloidal crystals with the diamond or similar symmetries, as such crystals should exhibit full photonic band gaps. This project will focus on developing two new colloidal systems: (1) lock-and-key colloids and (2) cubic colloids. Both sets of colloids represent a significant departure from existing colloids and lead to new structures and new kinds of phase transitions. The aim is to explore the various kinds of structures that can be made using these new building blocks and to develop models that capture the basic physics controlling their formation. The depletion interaction will be used as the primary means of controlling the strength and range of the interaction. The anisotropic shapes of the particles will be exploited to generate directional and specific interactions, both of which are relatively new to colloidal science. A related goal is to develop mechanisms for precise control of the relative placement of colloids made from disparate materials, thus increasing their potential for making useful new materials, including photonic crystals, catalysts, and solar cells. The research will support the education of a PhD student in interdisciplinary science involving physics, chemistry, and materials science. Non-technical Abstract A central goal of 21st century materials science is to fabricate nanomaterials from the "bottom up" rather than relying on the traditional the "top down" approach. Thus, instead of imprinting small structures on large objects, as is typically done in top-down approaches for making computer chips, the idea is to make nanoscale components that assemble themselves from the bottom up into complex useful materials. In this bottom up approach, the small nanoscale components carry with them the information required for them to assemble into the desired structures. This project will explore strategies for bottom-up self-assembly of nanoscale objects using particle shape as the mechanism by which particles recognize each other and fit into a larger structural design, much as jigsaw puzzle pieces fit together to form a large picture. The challenge is two-fold in that new techniques to make particles with complex shapes will be developed along with design schemes for directing their assembly. These methods should be useful in developing new materials for optical switching and circuitry as well as for solar cells. This project will support the education of a graduate student in these advance techniques for careers in advanced science and technology.

技术摘要该项目将探索和发展粒子形状在胶体自组装中的作用。直到最近，胶体自组装中使用的基本形状一直限于球形和杆，该球体和杆有限于FCC，BCC和一些简单的变体。由于将光子胶体晶体与钻石或类似对称性制造的光子胶体晶体的挑战，由于这些晶体应表现出完整的光子带隙，因此无法实现胶体晶体中原子和分子晶体的相同丰富度。 该项目将着重于开发两个新的胶体系统：（1）锁定胶体和（2）立方胶体。两组胶体都与现有的胶体有很大的不同，并导致了新的结构和新型的相变。目的是探索可以使用这些新的构建块制成的各种结构，并开发捕获控制其形成的基本物理学的模型。 耗尽相互作用将用作控制相互作用强度和范围的主要手段。 颗粒的各向异性形状将被利用以产生定向和特定的相互作用，这两种相互作用对胶体科学都是相对较新的。一个相关的目标是开发机制，以精确控制由不同材料制成的胶体的相对放置，从而增加了其制造有用的新材料的潜力，包括光子晶体，催化剂和太阳能电池。 该研究将支持涉及物理，化学和材料科学的跨学科科学博士学位学生的教育。非技术摘要21世纪材料科学的核心目标是从“自下而上”制造纳米材料，而不是依靠传统的“自上而下”方法。 因此，这个想法不是在制作计算机芯片的自上而上的方法上，而不是像通常在大型物体上印记小型结构一样，而是将纳米级组件从底层组装成复杂的有用材料。 在这种自下而上的方法中，小纳米级组件随身携带了它们组装到所需结构所需的信息。 该项目将使用粒子形状作为粒子互相识别并适合更大的结构设计的机制来探索纳米级对象自下而上的策略，就像拼图拼图零件适合形成大图片一样。 面临的挑战是两倍，因为将开发具有复杂形状的粒子的新技术以及用于指导其组装的设计方案。 这些方法对于开发用于光学开关和电路以及太阳能电池的新材料应该很有用。 该项目将支持这些研究生在这些高级科学和技术职业的提前技术方面的教育。