Topological Surface States and New Phases in Superfluid 3He

超流体 3He 的拓扑表面态和新相

• 批准号: 1103625
• 负责人: William Halperin
• 金额: $ 82.5万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-01 至 2017-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1103625&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Topological; Surface; States; New; Phases

Technical AbstractThis individual investigator project trains graduate and undergraduate students who conduct research on the structure of various quantum condensed phases with a focus on 3He superfluids at low temperatures. The central part of this proposal is to characterize certain types of quantum states which have topological significance and can be found at the surface of these superfluids. The impact of the research will be felt over a broad range of condensed matter physics, on field theories basic to the understanding of neutrinos, and may have relevance to the understanding of dark matter. New superfluid phases of helium have been predicted to exist within globally-anisotropic, highly-porous, silica aerogels. These materials will be grown with assistance from undergraduate students who characterize them using optical birefringence, and small angle Xray techniques. Additionally, our aerogels will be provided to a half-dozen laboratories around the world where there have been specific requests. High-resolution acoustics in resonant cavities will be used used to investigate surface quantum states in thin samples of superfluid 3He and a search for direct evidence of broken, time-reversal symmetry will be conducted. This fundamental broken symmetry is of importance to studies on various unconventional superconducting materials conducted in other laboratories.Non-Technical AbstractThis individual investigator project supports graduate and undergraduate education through their research in experimental physics. The project develops, creates, and characterizes new quantum states of matter which exhibit symmetry properties that have the potential for impact on our society, including high speed computation, transfer of mass in the form of frictionless superfluids, as well as applications of superconductivity. Highly porous, gel structures, so-called aerogels, will be grown and characterized in order to control the quantum states of helium superfluids imbibed within. These highly homogeneous samples will also be provided to a half dozen other laboratories that have requested them. The basic scientific research conducted in this project provides student training in high-resolution acoustics, nuclear magnetic resonance, and low temperature techniques and promotes awareness in both public and scientific communities to conserve helium as a valuable natural resource.

技术摘要的个人调查员项目培训研究生和本科生，他们对各种量子凝结相结构进行研究，重点是低温下的3HE超流体。 该提案的中心部分是表征具有拓扑意义的某些类型的量子状态，可以在这些超流体的表面找到。研究的影响将在广泛的凝结物理学，对中微子理解的基本理论中，并可能与对暗物质的理解有关。 预计氦气的新超流相预测存在于全球 - 肛门型，高孔，二氧化硅气凝胶中。 这些材料将在本科生的协助下生长，他们使用光学双折射和小X射线技术来表征它们。此外，我们的气凝胶将提供给世界各地的六个实验室，那里有特定的要求。 共振腔中的高分辨率声学将用于研究超氟3HE的薄样品中的表面量子状态，并搜索将进行直接证据，这些证据将进行断裂，时间反转对称性。 这种基本的破碎对称性对于在其他实验室中进行的各种非常规超导材料的研究至关重要。Non-technical Abstrack Ththis个个体研究者项目通过其实验物理学研究支持研究生和本科教育。 该项目开发，创建和表征具有对称性能的物质的新量子状态，这些状态具有对我们社会的影响的潜力，包括高速计算，以无摩擦超流体形式转移质量以及超导性的应用。 高度多孔的凝胶结构，所谓的气凝胶，将被种植和表征，以控制在内部吸收的氦超流体的量子状态。 这些高度同质的样本也将提供给其他六个要求它们的实验室。 该项目进行的基础科学研究为学生提供了高分辨率声学，核磁共振和低温技术的培训，并促进了公共和科学社区的认识，以保护氦气作为宝贵的自然资源。