Collaborative Research: Ecological Homogenization of Urban America

合作研究：美国城市的生态均质化

• 批准号: 1065548
• 负责人: Sarah Hobbie
• 金额: $ 33.4万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-07-01 至 2015-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1065548&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Ecological; Homogenization; Urban

Urban, suburban and exurban environments are important ecosystems and their extent is increasing in the U.S. The conversion of wild or managed ecosystems to urban ecosystems is resulting in ecosystem homogenization across cities, where neighborhoods in very different parts of the country have similar patterns of roads, residential lots, commercial areas and aquatic features. Funds are provided to test the hypothesis that this homogenization alters ecological structure and functions relevant to ecosystem carbon and nitrogen dynamics, with continental scale implications. The research will provide a framework for understanding the impacts of urban land use change from local to continental scales. The research encompasses datasets ranging from household surveys to regional-scale remote sensing across six metropolitan statistical areas (MSA) that cover the major climatic regions of the US (Phoenix, AZ, Miami, FL, Baltimore, MD, Boston, MA, St. Paul, MN and Los Angeles, CA) to determine how household characteristics correlate with landscaping decisions, land management practices and ecological structure and functions at local, regional and continental scales. This research will transform scientific understanding of an important and increasingly common ecosystem type (?suburbia?) and the consequences to carbon storage and nitrogen pollution at multiple scales. In addition, it will advance understanding of how humans perceive, value and manage their surroundings. The award will leverage an extensive, multi-scale program of education and outreach associated with ongoing LTER and/or ULTRA-EX projects. Activities include K-12 education and outreach to community groups, city/regional planners, natural history museums, state and local agencies and non-governmental organizations. Graduate students will participate in a Distributed Graduate Seminar in Sustainability Science (DGSS) initiated by NCEAS and the University of Minnesota Institute on Environment.

城市，郊区和郊区环境是重要的生态系统，在美国，它们的范围正在增加。野生或托管生态系统向城市生态系统的转化导致整个城市的生态系统同质化，在该国非常不同地区的社区具有相似的道路，住宅，商业地段，商业地段，商业地段和水生的特征。 提供了资金来检验以下假设：这种均质化改变了与生态系统碳和氮动力学相关的生态结构和功能，具有大陆规模的影响。 这项研究将为了解城市土地利用的影响从当地量表变为大陆规模的变化。 这项研究涵盖了从家庭调查到跨越六个大都市统计领域（MSA）的区域端口遥感的数据集以及本地，区域和大陆尺度的功能。 这项研究将改变对重要且日益普遍的生态系统类型（？郊区？）的科学理解，以及在多个尺度上对碳储存和氮污染的后果。此外，它将提高人们对人类如何看待，价值和管理周围环境的理解。该奖项将利用与持续的lter和/或Ultra-EX项目相关的广泛的多尺度教育和宣传计划。活动包括K-12教育和向社区团体，城市/区域规划师，自然历史博物馆，州和地方机构以及非政府组织的宣传。研究生将参加由NCEAS和明尼苏达大学环境学院发起的可持续发展科学（DGSS）的分布式研究生研讨会。

项目成果

A multi-city comparison of front and backyard differences in plant species diversity and nitrogen cycling in residential landscapes

住宅景观中植物物种多样性和氮循环前后院差异的多城市比较

• DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.05.030
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Landscape and Urban Planning
• 影响因子: 9.1
• 作者: Locke, Dexter H.;Avolio, Meghan;Trammell, Tara L.E.;Roy Chowdhury, Rinku;Morgan Grove, J.;Rogan, John;Martin, Deborah G.;Bettez, Neil;Cavender-Bares, Jeannine;Groffman, Peter M.
• 通讯作者: Groffman, Peter M.

Sediment chemistry of urban stormwater ponds and controls on denitrification

• DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2318
• 发表时间: 2018-06-01
• 期刊: ECOSPHERE
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Blaszczak, Joanna R.;Steele, Meredith K.;Bernhardt, Emily S.
• 通讯作者: Bernhardt, Emily S.

Plant nitrogen concentration and isotopic composition in residential lawns across seven US cities

• DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3566-9
• 发表时间: 2016-02
• 期刊: Oecologia
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: T. Trammell;D. Pataki;J. Cavender-Bares;P. Groffman;S. Hall;James B. Heffernan;S. Hobbie;J. Morse;Christopher Neill;Kristen C. Nelson

Homogenization of plant diversity, composition, and structure in North American urban yards

北美城市庭院植物多样性、组成和结构的同质化

• DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2105
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Ecosphere
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Pearse, William D.;Cavender-Bares, Jeannine;Hobbie, Sarah E.;Avolio, Meghan L.;Bettez, Neil;Roy Chowdhury, Rinku;Darling, Lindsay E.;Groffman, Peter M.;Grove, J. Morgan;Hall, Sharon J.
• 通讯作者: Hall, Sharon J.