Collaborative Research: Understanding Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) Initiation with DYNAmics of the Madden-julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) Observations and a Hierarchy of Models

合作研究：通过马登朱利安振荡 (DYNAMO) 动力学观测和模型层次结构了解马登朱利安振荡 (MJO) 的起始

• 批准号: 1062161
• 负责人: Eric Maloney
• 金额: $ 28万
• 依托单位: Colorado State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-05-01 至 2015-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1062161&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Understanding; Madden; Julian

This project will conduct a series of experiments with a hierarchy of numerical models to improve understanding of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), a large-scale weather pattern that forms in the Indian Ocean and propagates slowly eastward into the central equatorial Pacific. The project is one component of the DYNAmics of the Madden-julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) field campaign, in which observations will be collected in the Indian Ocean from ships, islands, and aircraft between October 2011 and March 2012. The field campaign is a multi-agency effort with funding from NSF, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Department of Energy, and the Office of Naval Research, with additional international partners including India, Japan, the Maldives, France, and several other countries.The specific goals of this project are to test DYNAMO hypotheses on the roles of moistening processes and specific convective populations in MJO initiation, evaluate model performance, and provide feedback for model development. Specific tasks of the project are 1) to analyze the DYNAMO observations, both to test the DYNAMO hypotheses directly and to provide context and targets for further modeling efforts; 2) to perform and analyze hindcast experiments with global models that explicitly represent moist convection to augment DYNAMO observations in constraining the large-scale budgets and testing the roles of various processes in MJO initiation; 3) To compare observations with results from cloud-system-resolving models (CSRM) on limited domains, both forced in the traditional way using tendencies derived from the DYNAMO sounding array and in a more theoretical mode with forcing parameterized interactively; 4) to compare results from the limited domain CSRMs and single column models with convective parameterizations using the same forcing methods; and 5) To use results from the previous steps to improve and test a cumulus parameterization in a version of the NCAR global climate model. Specific DYNAMO observations to be used in the project include the temperature, moisture, and advective tendency profiles from the radiosonde network, radar observations, and an integrated surface flux dataset funded by the Office of Naval Research.Motivation for this project and more generally for DYNAMO comes from the many ways in which the MJO affects weather and climate worldwide. The MJO regulates the active and break periods of the Asian and Australian monsoon systems, serves as a forcing agent for El Nino events, and, when it propagates into the Pacific ocean, impacts weather over the United States. MJO activity over the Pacific Ocean has a strong influence on hurricane formation in the Gulf of Mexico. Improved prediction of the MJO could thus allow long-lead forecasts (up to two weeks) of its worldwide weather and climate impacts, and research conducted under this project could serve as the basis for such advances in MJO prediction. In addition, this project will provide support and training to three graduate students and a postdoctoral fellow, thereby promoting the next generation of scientists in tropical meteorology and climatology. The project will also support a range of outreach activities including recruitment of minority students to graduate education in a STEM discipline, presentations in K-8 schools, and DYNAMO and MJO-themed activities at institution-wide outreach events at the supported institutions.

该项目将通过数值模型的层次结构进行一系列实验，以提高对Madden-Julian振荡（MJO）的理解，这是一种大规模的天气模式，在印度洋形成，并缓慢地向东传播到中央赤道太平洋。 The project is one component of the DYNAmics of the Madden-julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) field campaign, in which observations will be collected in the Indian Ocean from ships, islands, and aircraft between October 2011 and March 2012. The field campaign is a multi-agency effort with funding from NSF, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Department of Energy, and the Office of Naval Research, with additional international partners including India, Japan, the Maldives, France, and其他几个国家。该项目的具体目标是测试发电机假设，以了解MJO启动中潮湿过程和特定对流人群的作用，评估模型性能并为模型开发提供反馈。 该项目的特定任务是1）分析发电机观测值，既可以直接测试发电机假设，又为进一步建模工作提供背景和目标； 2）用全球模型执行和分析后广播实验，这些模型明确表示潮湿的对流，以增强发电机观察，以限制大规模预算并测试各种过程在MJO启动中的作用； 3）将观察结果与有限域上的云系统解析模型（CSRM）的结果进行比较，均使用源自发声阵列的趋势以传统的方式强迫，并以更理论的模式进行了互动性强迫； 4）使用相同的强迫方法将有限域CSRM和单列模型的结果与对流参数化进行比较； 5）使用先前步骤的结果来改进和测试NCAR全球气候模型版本中的积云参数化。 该项目中要使用的特定发电机观察值包括来自辐射网络的温度，水分和对流趋势概况，雷达观察结果以及由海军研究办公室资助的集成的表面通量数据集。该项目的动机以及Dynamo的更多方式来自MJO影响全球天气和气候的许多方式。 MJO规范亚洲和澳大利亚季风系统的积极和休息时间，是El Nino事件的强迫代理，当它传播到太平洋时，会影响美国的天气。 太平洋上的MJO活动对墨西哥湾的飓风形成有很大影响。 因此，改进对MJO的预测可以允许对其全球天气和气候影响的长期预测（长达两周），并且根据该项目进行的研究可以作为MJO预测的此类进步的基础。 此外，该项目将为三名研究生和一名博士后研究员提供支持和培训，从而促进了热带气象和气候学领域的下一代科学家。 该项目还将支持一系列的外展活动，包括招募少数族裔学生在STEM学科中的研究生教育，K-8学校的演讲以及在受支持机构的机构范围外展活动中的Dynamo和MJO主题活动。