RAPID: RUI: Constraints on Fragmentation and Lava-Ice Contact From Ongoing 2010 Eyjafjallajokull Eruption, Southcentral Iceland

RAPID：RUI：2010 年冰岛中南部埃亚菲亚德拉冰川持续喷发对破碎和熔岩-冰接触的限制

• 批准号: 1039461
• 负责人: Benjamin Edwards
• 金额: $ 5.37万
• 依托单位: Dickinson College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-06-15 至 2012-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1039461&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; RUI; Constraints; Fragmentation; Lava

This RAPID was co-sponsored by the Petrology & Geochemistry program of the Division of Earth Sciences (GEO) and the Europe and Eurasian Program in the Office of International Science and Engineering (OISE).Starting 20 March and continuing to the present, Eyjafjallajökull central volcano has experienced two different types of eruptions: initial strombolian and hawaiian eruptions of alkaline basalt from the northeastern flank (Fimmvörthuháls), producing lava-snow interactions, and starting 14 April, after a short temporal hiatus, the eruption was renewed beneath the summit caldera of the volcano (Eyjafjallajökull summit). The summit eruption has been much more explosive, and preliminary analyses show that the magma is more silicic in composition. This RAPID is to investigate several important aspects of the eruption during the next twelve months that will results in better knowledge and methodologies for interpreting ancient glaciovolcanic deposits, and also better prepare society for future glaciovolcanic eruptions from Iceland or from western North America.This is the first documented glaciovolcanic eruption of trachyandesite and alkaline basalt in at least the past two hundred years, and represents a unique opportunity to improve our knowledge of glaciovolcanic eruption processes, which have become critical paleo-climate proxies for linking Pleistocene oceanic and continental climate signals. It is proposed to investigate several important aspects of the eruption during the next twelve months, including (1) textures of lavas now interaction at Fimmvörthuháls, (2) changes in fragmentation processes as documented in stratigraphically constrained samples of ash at proximal and distal locations from the volcano, and (3) changes in magma chemistry during the course of the eruption. In order to obtain the best samples for this work, it is critical to investigate high elevation lava-snow contacts and collect ash samples before deposits are either hydrothermally altered/palagonitized near the vent; reworked by secondary slope transport that will destroy stratigraphic/temporal information; eroded by seasonal rain; or covered by snow/ice during winter 2010-2011. The proposed research will enable the PI and one Dickinson College undergraduate to partner and collaborate with several Icelandic scientists (e.g., Steinunn Hauksdöttir, Birgir Oskarsson) in the pursuit of the research goals.

这一快速由地球科学系（GEO）的岩石学与地球化学计划共同赞助，欧洲和欧亚人在国际科学与工程办公室（OISE）。经验丰富的爆发类型：碱性和夏威夷的碱性玄武岩从东北部的碱性玄武岩爆发，产生熔岩互动，从4月14日开始，在火山的短暂性杀手之后，已经开始了山顶（Eyjafjallajallajoulkull峰会）。爆炸性和初步分析在这种迅速中进行了ICIC ICIC。在过去的两百年中，有记录的三角洲和碱性玄武岩是一个独特的机会，可以改善冰川阶级的冰川阶级和大陆气候信号，包括（1）在fimmverthuháársfragmentess中的纹理，如近端和远端的灰烬中所记录的，（3）在爆发过程中岩浆化学的变化。烟灰是在季节性的降雨中侵蚀或在2011年冬季被雪覆盖的烟灰科学家（例如SteinunnHauksdöttir，Birgir Oskarsson）实现了研究目标。