RAPID: Tsunami deposits and coastal uplift near Concepcion, Chile before and after the major earthquake of February 27, 2010

RAPID：2010 年 2 月 27 日大地震前后智利康塞普西翁附近的海啸沉积和海岸隆起

• 批准号: 1036057
• 负责人: Lisa Ely
• 金额: $ 2.6万
• 依托单位: Central Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-05-01 至 2012-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1036057&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Tsunami; deposits; coastal; uplift

On February 27, 2010 a catastrophic magnitude 9 earthquake and accompanying tsunami struck the coast of central Chile. The effects of this event were particularly devastating in the area surrounding Concepción, the second largest city in Chile. This project will precisely document the geomorphic and tectonic signatures of this earthquake and tsunami at several previously described study sites in the Concepción region. In 2009 and early 2010 the author and Chilean collaborators described and surveyed tsunami deposits and uplifted coastal marine platforms at 10 sites between 36.5°S to 38.5°S. Lat. The objectives of this project are twofold: 1) Investigate deposits and impacts of the 2010 tsunami at existing study sites containing geological and historical evidence of previous tsunamis in the Concepción area; and 2) Assess co-seismic and post-seismic land-level changes at existing study sites that underwent significant uplift in previous earthquakes. Field work will be conducted in two separate field excursions between May, 2010 and January, 2011. Field investigations will include mapping and surveying the erosional and depositional effects of the 2010 tsunami at the previously documented sites to compare the deposits from the 2010 tsunami with those from previous events; calibrate the sedimentary deposits with the observational data; assess the preservation potential of tsunami deposits in this environment; and use the 2010 deposits to guide the search for additional repositories where stratigraphic records of multiple paleotsunami deposits are likely to be preserved. At the locations of land-level changes the field objectives will be to resurvey heights of marine platforms that were uplifted during previous earthquakes and surveyed by our team in January, 2010; determine the amount of additional uplift in the 2010 earthquake; establish a baseline elevation for subsequent monitoring of post-seismic land-level changes; and compare locations and amount of uplift in the 2010 earthquake with that measured after the 1835 earthquake. This research has the potential to advance knowledge of the impacts, recurrence, and geological signatures of catastrophic events on the scale of the 2010 Chilean earthquake, which could lead to better preparation, education and decreased loss of life in similar coastal areas. The project will occasion U.S.-Chile collaboration that fosters mutual exchanges of knowledge and expertise. An accurate measurement of the effects of the recent tsunami and coastal uplift from the earthquake, together with the prior measurements, will enable a complete documentation of recurrence intervals of these events and the areas that are most affected. These data will be of great value in the rebuilding process for the communities devastated by the most recent event, and the investigation will have a sustainable presence where it will be most needed and useful.

2010年2月27日，一场灾难性的9级地震，并在智利中部进行海岸。在智利第二大城市Concepción周围的地区，这一事件的影响尤其造成破坏性。该项目将准确地记录了该地震和海啸的地貌和构造特征，并在康塞普基地区的几个研究地点上进行了描述。在2009年和2010年初，作者和智利合作者描述并调查了海啸的矿床和升高的沿海海洋平台，在10个地点36.5°S至38.5°S之间。拉特。该项目的目标是双重的：1）调查2010年海啸的存款和影响，该研究地点在康塞普西翁地区的现有研究地点，这些研究地点和历史证据； 2）评估现有研究地点的共同和震源后土地层面的变化，这些研究地点在以前的地震中经历了重大升高。现场工作将在2010年5月至2011年1月之间的两次单独的现场偏移中进行。现场调查将包括映射和调查2010年海啸在先前记录的地点的侵蚀和沉积效应，以比较2010年海啸的沉积物与先前事件的矿床；用观察数据校准沉积沉积物；在这种环境下评估海啸沉积物的保存潜力；并使用2010年的沉积物来指导搜索其他存储库，其中可能保留多个古植物沉积物的地层记录。在土地水平变化的位置，现场目标将是解决以前地震期间被提升并在2010年1月对团队进行调查的海洋平台的高度；确定2010年地震中的额外隆升量；建立一个基线抬高，以随后监测后的土地水平变化；并将2010年地震中的位置和隆升数量与1835年地震发生后测量的位置和隆隆量进行了比较。这项研究有可能提高人们对2010年千瓦地震规模的灾难性事件的影响，复发和地质特征的了解，这可能会导致在类似沿海地区的更好的准备，教育和降低生命损失。该项目将促进美国 - 智利的合作，从而促进知识和专业知识的共同交流。准确地测量了地震最近的海啸和沿海隆起的影响，以及先前的测量结果，将使这些事件的复发间隔和最受影响最大的区域完整地记录。这些数据在最近发生的事件毁灭性社区的重建过程中将具有很大的价值，并且投资措施将具有可持续性的存在，最需要和有用。