Interactions of a Wind Turbine Array with a Thermally Stratified Atmospheric Boundary Layer: Flow Structures, Energy Fluxes and Modal Behavior

风力涡轮机阵列与热分层大气边界层的相互作用：流动结构、能量通量和模态行为

• 批准号: 1034581
• 负责人: Raul Cal
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: Portland State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2016-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1034581&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Interactions; Wind; Turbine; Array; Thermally

1034581CalIntellectual Merit Wind turbine arrays operate under highly variable natural conditions such as high turbulence variability, surface terrain and temperature gradients. In particular, thermal stratification of the atmosphere produces vertical exchanges of heat flux, which have direct impact on the kinetic energy of the flow. The influence of wind turbine (WT) arrays on these exchanges and the stratified atmosphere is not known. Insight on such interactions can prolong the life of the WTs, maximize power extraction out of the WT arrays, and help understand the impact of such arrays on the atmosphere.The proposed research focuses on an experimental study of flow, fluxes and energetics of wind turbine arrays in a wind tunnel. The goal of this study is to quantify and understand the atmospheric exchanges and power extraction on a stratified atmospheric turbulent boundary layer (ATBL) coupled with a wind turbine array. Currently, stratification is studied to understand pollutant dispersion, whereas wind turbine studies focus mainly on the aerodynamic of blades and wakes shed from a single WT. The proposed research will examine the behavior of wind turbine arrays under thermal stratification. These experimental studies will be carried at the state-of-the-art wind tunnel facility housed in the Green Building Research Laboratory at Portland State University (PSU).Tomographic particle image velocimetry and cold-wire anemometry will be used to measure high-resolution velocity and temperature maps, respectively, in the experimental WT array. Results will be condensed into useful parameterizations and models that may be used in micro, meso, and global simulations of wind-turbine arrays in a stably and unstably stratified atmosphere. The proposed research seeks to advance understanding of wind energy extraction from the atmospheric environment under thermal stratification to ultimately facilitate the design of WT arrays under realistic conditions.Broader ImpactsThe education plan emphasizes cross-cultural and international research experiences for both undergraduate and graduate students. Three undergraduate students will be recruited from Turabo University (Puerto Rico) and PSU to participate in a research-intensive summer program. These students will gain exposure to engineering aspects of wind energy by working with state-of-the-art facilities for wind tunnel testing and flow visualization. Graduate students will travel to Norway to during the summer to collaborate with researchers at Norwegian Defense Research Establishment (FFI) on the modeling aspects of the research.The outreach plan emphasizes exposure of high-school students to STEM topics. The wind tunnel facility has the capability to carry out experiments remotely using a web-based platform. Remote wind tunnel experiments will be carried out in a high school classroom in partnership with Gladstone High School to expose students to STEM and sustainability topics. Through school-based programs, Oregon MESA (Mathematics Engineering Science Achievement) strives to increase the number of minority and women engineers in Oregon. The PI and graduate students will participate in MESA Day through hands-on experiments in fluid mechanics with students recruited through the MESA program, complemented by tours to the PSU wind tunnel facility.

1034581钙智能优异风力涡轮机阵列在高度可变的自然条件下运行，例如高湍流可变性，表面地形和温度梯度。 特别是，大气的热分层会产生垂直的热通量交换，这直接影响流动的动能。 风力涡轮机（WT）阵列对这些交换和分层气氛的影响尚不清楚。 对这种相互作用的洞察力可以延长WT的寿命，最大化从WT阵列中提取功率，并有助于了解此类阵列对大气的影响。拟议的研究重点是对风隧道中风力涡轮机阵列的流量，通量和能量的实验研究。 这项研究的目的是量化和了解分层大气湍流边界层（ATBL）和风力涡轮机阵列上的大气交换和功率提取。 目前，研究了分层以了解污染物的分散体，而风力涡轮机研究主要集中于单个WT的叶片和唤醒的空气动力学。 拟议的研究将检查在热分层下风力涡轮机阵列的行为。 这些实验研究将在波特兰州立大学绿色建筑研究实验室（PSU）的最先进的风洞设施中进行。在实验WT阵列中。 结果将被凝结成有用的参数化和模型，这些参数可以在微型，中索和全局模拟中使用，以稳定且不稳定地分层的气氛中的风涡候阵列。拟议的研究旨在提高对风能在热分层下的大气环境的理解，以最终促进在现实状况下的WT阵列的设计。BROADER影响教育计划强调了本科和研究生的跨文化和国际研究经验。 将从Turabo University（波多黎各）和PSU招募三名本科生参加研究密集型夏季计划。 这些学生将通过使用最先进的设施来进行风洞测试和流动可视化，从而获得风能工程方面。 研究生将在夏季前往挪威，与挪威国防研究机构（FFI）的研究人员合作就研究的建模方面进行合作。外展计划强调了高中生的暴露于STEM主题。 风洞设施具有使用基于Web的平台进行远程进行实验的能力。 远程风洞实验将与Gladstone高中合作在高中教室中进行，以使学生接触STEM和可持续性主题。 通过基于学校的计划，俄勒冈州梅萨（数学工程科学成就）努力增加俄勒冈州的少数群体和女工程师的数量。 PI和研究生将通过动手机械师的动手实验参加MESA Day，并通过MESA计划招募学生，并在PSU Wind Tunnel设施的旅行中得到补充。