Collaborative Research: Informal Online Communication in Crises and Disaster Events: Content, Structure, and Dynamics

合作研究：危机和灾难事件中的非正式在线交流：内容、结构和动态

• 批准号: 1031779
• 负责人: Jeannette Sutton
• 金额: $ 28.76万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Colorado Springs
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-10-01 至 2014-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1031779&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Informal; Online; Communication

The objective of this research is to employ a longitudinal, multi-hazard, multi-event study of online communication to model the dynamics of informal information exchange in and immediately following emergency situations. The nearly continuous, informal exchange of information is a characteristic human behavior that has been recently transformed by the widespread adoption of mobile devices (such as "smart-phones") and social media technologies (e.g., micro-blogging services such as Twitter), which allow individuals to reach large numbers of contacts over great distances. Emergency management practitioners recognize the potential to exploit this capacity for disaster alerts and warnings, but acknowledge that relatively little is known about the dynamics of informal online communication in emergencies -- and, in particular, about the ways in which existing streams of information are modified by the introduction of emergency information from both official and unofficial sources. Using automated data collection methods, quantitative information will be collected on both the dynamics of communication content and on the properties of communicants' online networks on an ongoing basis (before, during, and after events), and qualitative information on warnings and alerts, as well as media coverage of hazard events. This project will examine the role of official sources in informal communication, and the emergence of mechanisms by which individuals determine information accuracy and establish trust in a rapidly changing environment, and thereby obtain a predictive model of the online response to extreme events. Through this research, existing theories of rumor and informal communication within an online/hazards context will be extended, formal models for the joint evolution of communication content and network structure in response to hazardous events will be developed, and the impact of social, economic, geographical, and hazard context on informal online communication will be evaluated.The broader impacts of this research include the development of methods for measuring the impact of official inserts on online communication (net of endogenous and other factors), and the creation of the first cross-hazard, baseline controlled longitudinal data set on informal online communication during emergencies. This research has the potential to fundamentally transform not only the methodology for the comparative study of social dynamics across hazards, but also the understanding of how communication unfolds within the hazards context and the impact of social and economic inequalities (the "digital divide") on a particularly critical dimension of informal social interaction.

这项研究的目的是采用一项纵向，多危险的多项式在线沟通研究，以模拟紧急情况下和紧急情况之后的非正式信息交流的动态。 几乎连续的非正式信息交流是一种特征性的人类行为，最近通过广泛采用移动设备（例如“智能手机”）和社交媒体技术（例如，诸如Twitter等微博客服务）来改变，这使个人可以在较远的距离上达到大量的联系。 紧急管理从业人员认识到有可能利用这种能力来获得灾难警报和警告，但承认，对紧急情况中非正式在线沟通的动态知之甚少，尤其是关于通过从官方和非官方来源引入紧急信息来修改现有信息流的方式。 使用自动数据收集方法，将在持续（事件发生之前，期间和之后）以及有关警告和警报以及媒体报道危险事件的定性信息以及危险事件的媒体报道上，将收集有关通信内容的动态和Communicant在线网络的属性的定量信息。该项目将研究官方资源在非正式交流中的作用，以及个人确定信息准确性并在快速变化的环境中建立信任的机制的出现，从而获得对极端事件的在线响应的预测模型。 通过这项研究，将扩展在线/危害环境中现有的谣言和非正式沟通理论，以响应危险事件的沟通内容和网络结构的联合演变，社会，经济，经济，地理环境对非正式在线沟通的影响，将评估官方沟通的创建因素，以及在线沟通的更广泛影响（包括在线的影响），并将其影响到在线影响，并在线沟通的影响（衡量官方的影响）（衡量在线影响）（在紧急情况下，关于非正式在线通信的第一个跨危机，基线控制的纵向数据集。 这项研究有可能从根本上改变危险的社会动态比较研究的方法，还可以理解沟通在危害环境中的发展以及社会和经济不平等（“数字鸿沟”）对非正式社会互动的特别关键维度的影响。