Functional diversity of infaunal burrowers: Towards a mechanistic understanding of animal-sediment interactions
动物穴居动物的功能多样性:对动物与沉积物相互作用的机械理解
基本信息
- 批准号:1029160
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 52.73万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2010
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2010-12-01 至 2014-11-30
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Benthic communities comprise diverse and abundant organisms with important ecological and biogeochemical roles. They convert organic carbon into biomass that is transferred to higher trophic levels, regenerate nutrients, and determine the fate of pollutants and organic carbon buried in sediments. In many coastal environments, anthropogenic stresses, including eutrophication and resulting hypoxia, trawling and disturbance from fisheries, and pollutants have negative and often dramatic affects on species diversity. Assessing the ecological and biogeochemical impacts of changes in species diversity is nearly impossible, however, without understanding the functional roles of the species. In sedimentary environments, determining functionality is especially important for organisms closely associated sediments, such as infaunal deposit feeders that ingest sediments while living in and moving through them. Burrowing behaviors and morphologies have been examined for individual species, but decades have passed since even broad burrowing behaviors were compared across diverse taxa. Moreover, such comparisons largely ignored the mechanical response of sediments, an omission similar to studying swimming without considering fluid mechanics. Since that time, there have been several major advances in the physics of animal-sediment interactions. Muddy sediments are elastic solids through which burrows are extended by fracture. In contrast, sands are granular materials whose mechanics are governed by gravitational forces acting on individual grains, rather than by adhesion and cohesion of the mucopolymeric matrix dominating mud mechanics. Use of gelatin as a clear analog for muds has enabled visualization of burrowing and analyses of forces and kinematics. This research will combine structural and anatomical studies and kinematic analyses of burrowing in gelatin and sand analogs with mechanical testing and numerical modeling of real sediments. Linkages would be made among anatomies, morphologies, and behaviors to burrowing function in sands versus muds. Polychaetous annelids, a diverse and abundant component of benthic communities, will be the focal taxon. Functional groupings of burrowing infauna have been based on morphologies and trophic roles but advances in sediment mechanics suggest that similar morphologies may have different functions in sands versus muds (e.g., expansible structures extend cracks in muds but are anchors in sands). In addition, seemingly different morphologies may have analogous functions (e.g., the pharynx of Nereis virens and the muscular anterior of the cirratulid Cirriformia moorei both exert dorso-ventral stress to extend burrows by fracture). Linking functions to morphologies and behaviors of burrowers is important in understanding functional roles of infauna and resulting functional diversity of benthic communities. The diversity of burrowing mechanisms revealed in this study will enable generalizations about burrowing mechanics in different environments. Important characteristics of burrowing locomotion will be identified as those shared by diverse burrowers. How the different physical constraints of sand and mud specify burrowing mechanics and affect morphologies and behaviors of burrowers will be contrasted for closely related taxa from different environments.Broader Impacts. Research and education will be integrated by recruiting undergraduates from different fields and involving them in team research projects associated with this interdisciplinary study. The goal is to enable these future scientists to develop skills necessary for successful communication and collaboration across disciplines. The methods of visualizing burrowers proposed here are economical and easy to incorporate in classes. Moreover, incorporating relevant physics, especially continuum mechanics, in biology studies is important, yet often neglected, in suitable courses. Curricula will be developed and shared through ASLO and SICB educational websites. Because worms in Jell-O have already captured the interest of the general public, broad dissemination of these results should enhance scientific understanding of the mechanics of worm burrowing in sediments, and related topics. In collaboration with Scripps Communications, the public information office of SIO, a video podcast about this research will be produced. The podcast will be featured in Scripps Institution of Oceanography's "Explorations" electronic magazine (explorations.ucsd.edu), which has 14,000 subscribers and would reach comparisons of additional viewers through SciVee.
底栖群落由多样且丰富的生物组成,具有重要的生态和生物地球化学作用。 它们将有机碳转化为生物质,然后转移到更高的营养级,再生营养物质,并决定埋在沉积物中的污染物和有机碳的命运。 在许多沿海环境中,人为压力,包括富营养化和由此产生的缺氧、拖网捕捞和渔业干扰以及污染物,对物种多样性产生负面且往往是巨大的影响。 然而,如果不了解物种的功能作用,评估物种多样性变化的生态和生物地球化学影响几乎是不可能的。 在沉积环境中,确定功能对于与沉积物密切相关的生物体尤其重要,例如在沉积物中生活和移动时摄入沉积物的动物沉积物饲养者。人们已经对各个物种的穴居行为和形态进行了检查,但几十年前,对不同类群的广泛穴居行为进行了比较。 此外,这种比较在很大程度上忽略了沉积物的机械响应,这种遗漏类似于在不考虑流体力学的情况下研究游泳。 从那时起,动物与沉积物相互作用的物理学取得了几项重大进展。 泥质沉积物是弹性固体,洞穴通过破裂而延伸。 相比之下,沙子是颗粒材料,其力学由作用在单个颗粒上的重力决定,而不是由主导泥浆力学的粘聚合物基质的粘附力和内聚力决定。 使用明胶作为泥浆的清晰模拟物,可以实现挖掘的可视化以及力和运动学的分析。 这项研究将把在明胶和沙子类似物中挖掘的结构和解剖学研究以及运动学分析与真实沉积物的机械测试和数值模拟相结合。 解剖学、形态和行为之间的联系将与沙子和泥土中的挖掘功能相关。 多毛类环节动物是底栖群落中多样化且丰富的组成部分,将成为重点分类单元。 穴居动物的功能分组基于形态和营养作用,但沉积物力学的进展表明,相似的形态在沙子和泥浆中可能具有不同的功能(例如,可膨胀结构在泥浆中延伸裂缝,但在沙子中却是锚)。 此外,看似不同的形态可能具有相似的功能(例如,沙蚕的咽部和卷毛类卷形虫的肌肉前部都施加背腹应力,通过断裂来扩展洞穴)。 将功能与穴居动物的形态和行为联系起来对于理解海底动物的功能作用以及由此产生的底栖群落的功能多样性非常重要。 这项研究揭示的挖掘机制的多样性将使不同环境中挖掘机制的概括成为可能。 穴居运动的重要特征将被确定为不同穴居者所共有的特征。 沙子和泥土的不同物理约束如何指定洞穴力学并影响洞穴生物的形态和行为,将针对来自不同环境的密切相关的分类群进行对比。更广泛的影响。 研究和教育将通过招募来自不同领域的本科生并让他们参与与这项跨学科研究相关的团队研究项目来整合。 目标是使这些未来的科学家能够发展跨学科成功沟通和协作所需的技能。 这里提出的可视化穴居动物的方法既经济又易于融入课堂。 此外,在生物学研究中纳入相关物理学,特别是连续介质力学很重要,但在合适的课程中常常被忽视。 课程将通过 ASLO 和 SICB 教育网站开发和共享。 由于果冻中的蠕虫已经引起了公众的兴趣,这些结果的广泛传播应该会增强对沉积物中蠕虫挖洞机制以及相关主题的科学理解。 将与 SIO 公共信息办公室 Scripps Communications 合作制作有关这项研究的视频播客。 该播客将在斯克里普斯海洋学研究所的“Explorations”电子杂志 (explorations.ucsd.edu) 中进行专题报道,该杂志拥有 14,000 名订户,并将通过 SciVee 与其他观众进行比较。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Gregory Rouse其他文献
Gregory Rouse的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Gregory Rouse', 18)}}的其他基金
Collaborative Research: Integrating Phylogenomics with the Fossil Record: Sea Urchins as a Model Clade for Macroevolutionary Research
合作研究:将系统发育学与化石记录相结合:海胆作为宏观进化研究的模型分支
- 批准号:
2036186 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 52.73万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Digitization TCN: Collaborative Research: Documenting marine biodiversity through Digitization of Invertebrate collections (DigIn)
数字化 TCN:合作研究:通过无脊椎动物收藏数字化记录海洋生物多样性 (DigIn)
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CSBR:所有权转让:MBARI 和 Univ. 合并。
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1458145 - 财政年份:2015
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Standard Grant
Using molecular data to test connectivity and the circumpolar paradigm for Antarctic marine invertebrates
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1043749 - 财政年份:2011
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Collaborative Research: Assembling the Echinoderm Tree of Life
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1036368 - 财政年份:2011
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$ 52.73万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
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