STS Social Studies of Science: Compound Solutions

STS 科学社会研究：复合解决方案

• 批准号: 1027285
• 负责人: Susan Craddock
• 金额: $ 20.04万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-15 至 2015-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1027285&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: STS; Social; Studies; Science; Compound

Innovative networks of pharmaceutical companies, nonprofit agencies, and academics focusing on chemical compounds to treat widespread diseases constitute a dynamic site for examining the intersection of new technologies, global regulatory mechanisms, and social need. Until recently, pharmaceutical companies have focused little attention on developing new technologies for diseases that primarily affect the poor, because drugs or vaccines developed to intervene in these diseases generate profits too low to offset research and manufacturing costs. Yet Partnerships for Drug Production (PDPs) are now forming as large pharmaceutical companies such as Novartis, Eli Lilly, Otsuka, and Johnson & Johnson, are cultivating relationships with non-profit organizations, universities, governmental funding agencies, and private philanthropies and dedicating new facilities to an effort to develop compounds to treat neglected diseases. This project focuses on three questions pertaining to partnerships forming around tuberculosis and malaria treatment: 1) if innovative networks of pharmaceutical companies, scientists, and nonprofits will succeed in changing the current landscape of drug research and production; 2) the major dynamics shaping collaborative relationships and practices; and 3) the kinds of relationships forged across geographic regions in the course of collaborative compound research and development. The method is multi-site ethnography of four sites: 1) interviews of scientists, directors of pharmaceutical divisions for TB and malaria drug and vaccine research, Doctors Without Borders officers, academic researchers involved in collaborations, and nonprofit agencies for TB and malaria drug and vaccine research; 2) World Vaccine, Malaria and TB research, and Drug Discovery Partnership conferences; 3) visits to clinical trial sites where new TB and malaria drugs will be tested; and 4) environmental scanning of primary literatures.The project's broader impacts include contributions to social scientific literatures on networks, collaborative relationships, and global innovation and science. The research will also involve working with diverse communities of scientists, lab technicians, grassroots organizations, and staff workers, including in developing clinical trial sites. The result is broad-based transfers of technology and scientific capacity, as well as the active participation in a technology-based project of multiple sectors of society. Besides writing a book, Compound Solutions, that will summarize the project findings, the researcher will provide a graduate student experience in research methods and opportunities for publication; disseminate results of research through graduate and undergraduate courses drawing students from Global Studies, Bioethics, History of Medicine, Anthropology, and beyond; and present at social science and science studies conferences.

制药公司，非营利机构和专注于治疗广泛疾病的化合物的创新网络构成了研究新技术，全球监管机制和社会需求的交集的动态场所。直到最近，制药公司很少关注主要影响穷人的疾病的新技术，因为开发用于干预这些疾病的药物或疫苗会产生利润太低而无法抵消研究和制造成本。然而，作为大型制药公司，例如诺华，伊利·莉莉，奥茨卡和约翰逊和约翰逊等大型制药公司，正在形成药物生产的合作伙伴关系（PDP），正在与非营利组织，大学，政府资助机构以及私人慈善机构以及私人私人慈善机构以及为努力开发复合零食的新设施而建立关系。该项目着重于与围绕结核病和疟疾治疗形成的伙伴关系的三个问题：1）如果制药公司，科学家和非营利组织的创新网络将成功改变当前的药物研究和生产景观； 2）塑造协作关系和实践的主要动态； 3）在协作复合研发过程中，各个地理区域建立了各种关系。该方法是四个地点的多站点民族志：1）科学家的访谈，结核病和疟疾药物的药物师和疫苗研究，无国界官员的医生，参与协作的学术研究人员以及非营利性机构的TB和疟疾药物和疫苗研究； 2）世界疫苗，疟疾和结核病研究以及药物发现伙伴会议； 3）访问将测试新的结核病和疟疾药物的临床试验地点； 4）对主要文献的环境扫描。该项目的更广泛的影响包括对网络，协作关系以及全球创新与科学的社会科学文献的贡献。该研究还将涉及与科学家，实验室技术人员，基层组织和工作人员的各种社区合作，包括在开发临床试验地点。结果是对技术和科学能力的广泛转移，以及积极参与社会多个领域的技术项目。除了编写一本书《复合解决方案》，总结了项目发现，研究人员还将提供研究生的研究方法和发表机会的经验；通过研究生和本科课程传播研究结果，吸引学生从全球研究，生物伦理学，医学史，人类学史以及其他方面的学生。并参加社会科学与科学研究会议。