Landscapes, Barriers, and the Militarization of Everyday Life Along the U.S.-Mexican Border

美墨边境的景观、障碍和日常生活的军事化

• 批准号: 1023266
• 负责人: Melissa Wright
• 金额: $ 24.88万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-15 至 2016-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1023266&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Landscapes; Barriers; Militarization; Everyday; Life

Long a space of cultural and economic convergence, the border between Mexico and the United States has increasingly become a place of division and suspicion. This transformation has resulted from the interrelated national security concerns of the Mexican and U.S. governments regarding immigration, drug trafficking, and the growth of criminal organizations. Both the Mexican and U.S. governments have chosen to address these concerns through "militarization" -- the inclusion of military ideology, tactics, technologies, and force in domestic governance and policing. This research project will investigate how militarized approaches to border governance and territorial control reconfigure everyday life for residents of the borderland. The investigators' objectives are to study how border militarization alters the form, function, and meaning of the U.S.-Mexico borderlands for resident communities and to examine how militarization is shaped by border landscapes on both sides of the divide. Special attention will be given to militarization of the borderlands as expressed and evident in the region's landscape as well as how federal militarization as a governance strategy affects the everyday experience of mobility, rights, belonging, and environment among diverse border populations. A multidisciplinary team with scholars from the U.S., Mexico, and Canada will conduct this study in two binational border metropolises of El Paso, Texas-Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua and Nogales, Arizona-Nogales, Sonora. As strategic points in federal militarization strategies, these cities regularly experience an increased presence of law enforcement as well as intensifying surveillance, interrogation, and searches. They also share some of the longest histories of joint families, communities, and economies along the border. The investigators will engage in archival research, open-ended interviews, and focus groups, all of which will be designed to investigate the multiple intersections of militarization and landscape and to mine the complexity of these intersections within daily life.The project will enhance basic knowledge about the processes of border militarization, its impacts on residents, and its interaction with landscape. In addition to enhancing fundamental understanding, it will provide information and insights for the architects and implementers of militarization strategies who seek to rectify problems created in earlier manifestations. It also will benefit citizens' organizations, environmental organizations, and social justice groups as they react to current policies and try to shape future ones. Results will be disseminated in both English and in Spanish in academic and policy-oriented journals and will be presented at appropriate international and regional conferences.

墨西哥和美国之间的边境长期以来一直是文化和经济融合的空间，但现在日益成为分裂和猜疑的地方。 这种转变是墨西哥和美国政府对移民、贩毒和犯罪组织增长等相互关联的国家安全担忧的结果。 墨西哥和美国政府都选择通过“军事化”来解决这些问题——将军事意识形态、战术、技术和武力纳入国内治理和治安。 该研究项目将调查军事化的边境治理和领土控制方法如何重新配置​​边境居民的日常生活。调查人员的目标是研究边境军事化如何改变美墨边境地区对居民社区的形式、功能和意义，并研究分界线两侧的边境景观如何塑造军事化。 将特别关注该地区景观中所表现和明显的边境军事化，以及联邦军事化作为治理战略如何影响不同边境人口的流动性、权利、归属感和环境的日常体验。 由来自美国、墨西哥和加拿大的学者组成的多学科团队将在德克萨斯州埃尔帕索、奇瓦瓦州华雷斯城和亚利桑那州诺加莱斯、索诺拉州诺加莱斯这两个两国边境大都市进行这项研究。 作为联邦军事化战略的战略要点，这些城市的执法力度不断加强，监视、审讯和搜查也不断加强。 他们还拥有边境沿线共同家庭、社区和经济的一些最悠久的历史。 调查人员将进行档案研究、开放式访谈和焦点小组，所有这些都旨在调查军事化和景观的多重交叉点，并挖掘这些交叉点在日常生活中的复杂性。该项目将增强基础知识关于边境军事化的过程、其对居民的影响及其与景观的相互作用。 除了增强基本理解外，它还将为军事化战略的设计者和实施者提供信息和见解，帮助他们纠正早期表现中产生的问题。它还将使公民组织、环境组织和社会正义团体受益，因为他们对当前政策做出反应并试图塑造未来的政策。 结果将以英语和西班牙语在学术和政策导向期刊上传播，并将在适当的国际和区域会议上发表。