SBIR Phase I: Mesoporous Graphene Electrodes for Supercapacitors

SBIR 第一阶段：超级电容器用介孔石墨烯电极

• 批准号: 1013345
• 负责人: Yongchao Si
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Allotropica Technologies
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1013345&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SBIR; Phase; Mesoporous; Graphene; Electrodes

This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I Project will develop high capacitance, low resistance graphene electrodes for supercapacitors to achieve high power and energy densities. One of the major technical barriers to high performance supercapacitors is low specific capacitance of the currently used activated carbon electrodes. This barrier is primarily due to poor access to the activated carbon surface area by an electrolyte: a substantial fraction of the surface area is in the form of micropores ( 2nm diameter) and consequently inaccessible to ion migration and therefore, unable to contribute to energy storage. This difficulty can be ameliorated by replacing microporous activated carbon with graphene, a one-atom-thick, conductive allotrope of carbon with a rare combination of extremely high specific surface area, remarkable thermal/electrical conductivity, an open microstructure, and good thermal stability. The small business, in collaboration with the University of North Carolina, will exploit the newly discovered route to graphene to produce mechanically stable, flexible, mesoporous electrodes for supercapacitors, electrodes that will achieve higher energy storage capacity and enhanced performance.The broader/commercial impact of this project lies in the many applications that can be enabled by supercapacitors. It is expected that the demand for supercapacitors in consumer electronics will increase from $122 million in 2008 to over $550 million in 2014. And, in large storage applications such as wind turbines and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), the market value of supercapacitors is expected to expand from $86 million last year, to over $320 million in five years. In the critical technologies of HEVs, supercapacitors will enable improved gas mileage via two primary functions: leveling the dynamic power loads, and recovering available energy from regenerative breaking. The U.S. government has a strong interest in advancing HEVs to lessen dependence on foreign oil and address the global climate challenge. In the private sector, leading automotive companies are developing HEVs as an alternative to internal combustion engine-powered vehicles. Graphene-based supercapacitors offer the potential for attaining the requisite high energy/power density for high pulse power in HEV application.

该小型企业创新研究第一阶段项目将开发用于超级电容器的高电容、低电阻石墨烯电极，以实现高功率和能量密度。高性能超级电容器的主要技术障碍之一是目前使用的活性炭电极的比电容较低。 这种屏障主要是由于电解质难以接近活性炭表面积：表面积的很大一部分是微孔（直径 2nm）的形式，因此无法进行离子迁移，因此无法有助于能量存储。这一困难可以通过用石墨烯代替微孔活性炭来解决，石墨烯是一种单原子厚度的导电碳同素异形体，罕见地兼具极高的比表面积、显着的导热/导电性、开放的微观结构和良好的热稳定性。这家小企业将与北卡罗来纳大学合作，利用新发现的石墨烯路线来生产用于超级电容器的机械稳定、柔性、介孔电极，这些电极将实现更高的能量存储容量和增强的性能。更广泛的/商业影响该项目的重点在于超级电容器可以实现许多应用。预计消费电子产品对超级电容器的需求将从2008年的1.22亿美元增加到2014年的5.5亿美元以上。并且，在风力涡轮机和混合动力电动汽车(HEV)等大型存储应用中，超级电容器的市场价值预计将增长五年内从去年的 8600 万美元增加到超过 3.2 亿美元。 在混合动力汽车的关键技术中，超级电容器将通过两个主要功能来提高油耗：平衡动态功率负载，以及从再生制动中恢复可用能量。美国政府对发展混合动力汽车有着浓厚的兴趣，以减少对外国石油的依赖并应对全球气候挑战。在私营部门，领先的汽车公司正在开发混合动力汽车作为内燃机驱动汽车的替代品。 基于石墨烯的超级电容器具有在混合动力汽车应用中获得高脉冲功率所需的高能量/功率密度的潜力。